The Enchanting Wilderness of Bieszczady Mountains

• HelloCześć
  [Cheshch]
• GoodbyeDo widzenia
  [Do veedzenia]
• YesTak
  [Tak]
• NoNie
  [Nyeh]
• Please/You're welcomeProszę
  [Prosheh]
• Thank youDziękuję
  [Jenkoo-yeh]
• Excuse me/SorryPrzepraszam
  [Pzheh-prasham]
• How are you?Jak się masz?
  [Yak shieh mash]
• Fine. And you?Dobrze. A Ty?
  [Dobzheh. A Ti]
• Do you speak English?Czy mówisz po angielsku?
  [Chy moovish po ang-yelskoo]
• I don't understandNie rozumiem
  [Nyeh rozoom-yem]

• I'd like to see the menu, pleaseMógłbym zobaczyć menu, proszę
  [Moogwim zobachich menu, prosheh]
• I don't eat meatNie jem mięsa
  [Nyeh yem myensa]
• Cheers!Na zdrowie!
  [Na zdrov-yeh]
• I would like to pay, pleasePoproszę o rachunek
  [Poprosheh o rah-hoonek]

• Help!Pomoc!
  [Pomots]
• Go away!Idź sobie!
  [Eedzh sobyeh]
• Call the Police!Zadzwoń po policję!
  [Zadzvon po politsyeh]
• Call a doctor!Zadzwoń po lekarza!
  [Zadzvon po lek-arza]
• I'm lostZgubiłem się
  [Zgoobee-wem shieh]
• I'm illJestem chory
  [Yestem hory]

• I'd like to buy...Chciałbym kupić...
  [Hchalbim koopeech]
• I'm just lookingTylko się rozglądam
  [Tzylko shieh rozh-gwam]
• How much is it?Ile to kosztuje?
  [Eeleh to kosh-too-yeh]
• That's too expensiveTo jest za drogie
  [To yest za drog-yeh]
• Can you lower the price?Czy możesz obniżyć cenę?
  [Chy mooshesh oobnee-zhich chenoo]

• What time is it?Która jest godzina?
  [Ktura yest god-zina]
• It's one o'clockJest pierwsza
  [Yest pyerv-sha]
• Half past (10)Jest wpół do jedenastej
  [Yest vwul do yedenast-eh]
• MorningRano
  [Rano]
• AfternoonPopołudnie
  [Popowood-nyeh]
• EveningWieczór
  [Vie-choor]
• YesterdayWczoraj
  [Vcho-rye]
• TodayDzisiaj
  [Jee-sheye]
• TomorrowJutro
  [Yootro]
• 1Jeden
  [Yeden]
• 2Dwa
  [Dva]
• 3Trzy
  [Tshi]
• 4Cztery
  [Chteri]
• 5Pięć
  [Pyench]
• 6Sześć
  [Sheshch]
• 7Siedem
  [Shedem]
• 8Osiem
  [Oshyem]
• 9Dziewięć
  [Jevnyehch]
• 10Dziesięć
  [Jeshehch]

• Where's a/the...?Gdzie jest...
  [Gdzyeh yest]
• What's the address?Jaki jest adres?
  [Yaki yest adresh]
• Can you show me (on the map)?Czy możesz mi pokazać (na mapie)?
  [Chy mooshesh mi pokazach (na map-yeh)]
• When's the next (bus)?Kiedy jest następny (autobus)?
  [Kiedy yest nastepny (autobus)]
• A ticket (to ....)Bilet (do ...)
  [Bileht (do)]

The Bieszczady Mountains, part of the Carpathian Mountain range, have been inhabited since the early Stone Age. Archaeological findings suggest that the region was home to ancient tribes who practiced agriculture and animal husbandry. By the medieval period, the area became a melting pot of various cultures, including the Slavs, Vlachs, and Ruthenians, who left their mark on the region through their customs, dialects, and architectural styles.

In the late 18th century, the Bieszczady Mountains became part of the Habsburg Monarchy's Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria following the first partition of Poland in 1772. This period saw significant administrative, social, and economic transformations. The Habsburgs introduced modern infrastructure, such as railways and roads, which connected the remote mountainous area to larger urban centers.

World War II had a devastating impact on the Bieszczady region, resulting in significant population displacement and destruction. The area was occupied by both Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union at different times. After the war, the borders were redrawn, and the Bieszczady Mountains became part of the People's Republic of Poland. The region witnessed forced resettlements, particularly of the local Ukrainian and Lemko populations, as part of the Operation Vistula in 1947.

Operation Vistula (Akcja Wisła) was a significant event in the history of the Bieszczady Mountains. In 1947, the Polish government forcibly relocated over 140,000 Ukrainians and Lemkos from southeastern Poland, including the Bieszczady region, to the Recovered Territories in the west. This operation aimed to eliminate support for the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA) but resulted in the depopulation and cultural transformation of the Bieszczady area.

After the tumultuous war years and population shifts, the Bieszczady Mountains experienced a period of rejuvenation. The 1960s and 1970s saw the development of tourism infrastructure, attracting nature enthusiasts, hikers, and artists. The establishment of the Bieszczady National Park in 1973 played a crucial role in preserving the region's biodiversity and promoting sustainable tourism. This era marked the beginning of the Bieszczady Mountains' transformation into a beloved travel destination.

The Bieszczady Mountains are rich in cultural heritage and folklore, deeply influenced by the various ethnic groups that have inhabited the region. Traditional wooden churches, known as 'cerkiew,' dot the landscape, showcasing the unique architectural styles of the Lemko and Boyko cultures. Local folklore is celebrated through music, dance, and festivals, preserving the oral traditions and legends passed down through generations. The region's artisanal crafts, such as wood carving and weaving, also reflect its diverse cultural mosaic.

The Bieszczady Mountains are located in southeastern Poland, in the Subcarpathian Voivodeship. The nearest major city with an airport is Rzeszów, which is approximately 150 kilometers away. From Rzeszów, you can rent a car or take a train or bus to Sanok, Ustrzyki Dolne or Cisna, which are popular starting points for exploring the Bieszczady region. Alternatively, you can take a direct bus from major Polish cities such as Kraków and Warsaw to these towns.

Public transportation in the Bieszczady Mountains is limited but available. Buses and minibuses (often referred to as 'busik') connect key towns and villages. However, for maximum flexibility, renting a car is highly recommended. Local taxis are also available but might be less convenient for exploring remote areas. During the summer, some tourist trains operate in the region, offering scenic routes through the mountains.

The official currency in Poland is the Polish Zloty (PLN). Credit cards are widely accepted in larger towns and tourist areas, but it's advisable to carry cash, especially when venturing into more remote areas of the Bieszczady Mountains. ATMs are available in larger towns like Sanok and Ustrzyki Dolne, but make sure to withdraw enough cash before heading into rural areas.

The Bieszczady Mountains are generally safe for tourists. However, standard precautions should be taken. Avoid leaving valuables in plain sight and be cautious when hiking in remote areas, as mobile phone coverage can be spotty. There are no specific high-crime areas targeting tourists, but it's always best to stay vigilant and aware of your surroundings.

In case of emergency, dial 112 for immediate assistance. This number works for police, fire, and medical emergencies. It's advisable to have travel insurance that covers medical emergencies. There are medical facilities in larger towns such as Sanok and Ustrzyki Dolne. For minor health issues, pharmacies are available in these towns where you can purchase over-the-counter medications.

Fashion: Do dress modestly and wear appropriate hiking gear when exploring the mountains. Avoid wearing flashy or revealing clothing. Religion: Do respect local customs and traditions, especially when visiting religious sites. Public Transport: Do be respectful and give up your seat to elderly passengers. Don’t eat or drink on public transport. Greetings: Do greet people with a handshake. A friendly 'Dzień dobry' (Good day) goes a long way. Eating & Drinking: Do try local delicacies and accept food offerings graciously. Don’t refuse hospitality, as it is considered impolite.

To experience the Bieszczady Mountains like a local, visit local markets to buy fresh produce and traditional Polish goods. Engage with locals, who are often friendly and willing to share stories about the region’s history and culture. Don’t miss hiking trails such as Połonina Wetlińska and Połonina Caryńska, which offer breathtaking views. For a unique experience, take a ride on the Bieszczady Forest Railway, a narrow-gauge railway offering scenic tours through the mountains.