Asmara - The Jewel of Africa's Art Deco Heritage

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Asmara, the capital city of Eritrea, has roots that trace back to the 12th century when four clans joined forces to live together in harmony. The name 'Asmara' means 'they made them unite' in the Tigrinya language, reflecting this historic union. The early settlement was primarily agrarian, with people living off the fertile lands and exchanging goods through barter trade.

In the late 19th century, Asmara became a focal point of Italian colonial ambitions. By 1889, the city was officially declared a colony of Italy. The Italians invested heavily in the city's infrastructure, constructing roads, buildings, and amenities that still stand today. This period marked the transformation of Asmara into a modern urban center, with the introduction of European architectural styles and construction techniques.

Asmara is often referred to as 'La Piccola Roma' or 'Little Rome' due to its remarkable collection of Art Deco and Modernist buildings. During the 1930s, Italian architects designed and constructed a plethora of structures that have since become iconic. Notable examples include the Fiat Tagliero Building, an automobile service station designed to resemble an airplane, and the Asmara Opera House, showcasing neoclassical design. These buildings have earned the city a UNESCO World Heritage status, recognizing its unique urban landscape.

Following Italy's defeat in World War II, Asmara came under British administration from 1941 to 1952. During this period, the city served as a strategic military base, and the British made various administrative and infrastructural adjustments. However, the city's growth was somewhat stunted due to the geopolitical uncertainties surrounding Eritrea's future.

In 1952, Asmara became the capital of the Eritrean Autonomous Region within the Federation of Ethiopia and Eritrea. This union was marked by political tension and unrest, as many Eritreans opposed Ethiopian dominance. The situation deteriorated further when Ethiopia annexed Eritrea in 1962, abolishing its autonomous status and igniting the Eritrean War of Independence.

The Eritrean War of Independence, which lasted from 1961 to 1991, had a profound impact on Asmara. The city served as a strategic and logistical hub for both the Eritrean Liberation Front and, later, the Eritrean People's Liberation Front. Despite the conflict, Asmara's infrastructure remained relatively intact, and the city became a symbol of resistance and resilience.

Eritrea gained its independence in 1993, and Asmara was declared the capital of the newly formed nation. Since then, the city has undergone various phases of reconstruction and development. Efforts have been made to preserve its unique architectural heritage while modernizing its infrastructure. Asmara today stands as a testament to the country's rich history and cultural diversity.

Asmara International Airport (ASM) is the main gateway to the city, with flights connecting from major hubs such as Cairo, Istanbul, and Dubai. Several airlines, including Eritrean Airlines, EgyptAir, and Turkish Airlines, operate routes to Asmara. Once you arrive at the airport, you can take a taxi to the city center, which is approximately a 10-minute drive away.

Asmara is a compact city, making it easy to explore on foot. For longer distances, taxis are readily available and affordable. Public buses and minibuses (known as 'Zabti') operate on fixed routes and are a cost-effective way to get around. Car rentals are also available, but driving can be challenging due to local road conditions and traffic rules.

The official currency in Eritrea is the Nakfa (ERN). Credit cards are not widely accepted, so it is advisable to carry cash. ATMs are scarce, and it can be difficult to withdraw money using foreign cards. It is recommended to exchange currency at official exchange offices or banks upon arrival. Keep small denominations handy for everyday transactions.

Asmara is generally considered safe for tourists. However, like any city, it's important to stay vigilant. Avoid walking alone at night, especially in poorly lit or unfamiliar areas. Petty crimes such as pickpocketing can occur, so keep an eye on your belongings in crowded places. The neighborhoods of Sembel and Gejeret are known to have higher crime rates targeting tourists.

In case of emergency, dial 113 for police assistance and 114 for medical emergencies. The Orotta National Referral Hospital is the main medical facility in Asmara. It is advisable to have comprehensive travel insurance that covers medical emergencies. For minor health issues, there are pharmacies throughout the city where you can purchase over-the-counter medications.

Fashion: Do dress modestly. Avoid wearing revealing clothing, especially in religious and conservative areas. Religion: Do respect local customs and traditions. Always remove your shoes when entering mosques and cover your head if required. Public Transport: Do be respectful and considerate. Avoid eating and drinking on public transport. Greetings: Do greet people with a handshake. Using the right hand is considered respectful. Eating & Drinking: Do try local delicacies and accept food offerings graciously. Don't refuse hospitality, as it is considered impolite.

To experience Asmara like a local, visit the local markets such as the Medebar Market for a taste of everyday life. Engage with locals, who are often friendly and eager to share stories about their city. Don't miss out on the Italian-era architecture, including the Fiat Tagliero Building and the Asmara Opera House. For a unique experience, take a stroll along Harnet Avenue and enjoy a coffee at one of the many traditional cafes.