Cusco: The Heart of the Inca Empire
Nestled in the Andes mountains, Cusco is a city that brims with history, culture, and adventure. Once the capital of the vast Inca Empire, Cusco stands as a testament to the grandeur of ancient civilizations. Today, it is a vibrant mix of Incan and Spanish colonial architecture, offering visitors a unique glimpse into Peru's past. Walk through Cusco's cobblestone streets, and you will find yourself surrounded by stunning landmarks such as the Qorikancha temple, also known as the Golden Temple, and the impressive Sacsayhuamán fortress. The city's main square, Plaza de Armas, is a hub of activity, featuring beautiful colonial buildings, lively markets, and a variety of restaurants where you can sample traditional Peruvian cuisine. Cusco is also the gateway to the world-famous Machu Picchu. Many tourists use Cusco as a base to acclimate to the altitude before embarking on the Inca Trail. But there's more to see beyond Machu Picchu. The Sacred Valley, with its picturesque villages and ancient ruins, offers a serene escape from the bustling city. Whether you're interested in history, hiking, or simply soaking in the local culture, Cusco has something to offer for every traveler.
Local tips in Cusco
- Acclimate to the altitude by taking it easy on your first day and drinking coca tea.
- Visit the San Pedro Market for a taste of local life and to try fresh Peruvian produce.
- Book your Machu Picchu tickets and train in advance, especially during peak tourist season.
- Wear comfortable walking shoes as the city's streets are often steep and cobblestoned.
- Explore the lesser-known ruins in the Sacred Valley for a more tranquil experience.
Cusco: The Heart of the Inca Empire
Nestled in the Andes mountains, Cusco is a city that brims with history, culture, and adventure. Once the capital of the vast Inca Empire, Cusco stands as a testament to the grandeur of ancient civilizations. Today, it is a vibrant mix of Incan and Spanish colonial architecture, offering visitors a unique glimpse into Peru's past. Walk through Cusco's cobblestone streets, and you will find yourself surrounded by stunning landmarks such as the Qorikancha temple, also known as the Golden Temple, and the impressive Sacsayhuamán fortress. The city's main square, Plaza de Armas, is a hub of activity, featuring beautiful colonial buildings, lively markets, and a variety of restaurants where you can sample traditional Peruvian cuisine. Cusco is also the gateway to the world-famous Machu Picchu. Many tourists use Cusco as a base to acclimate to the altitude before embarking on the Inca Trail. But there's more to see beyond Machu Picchu. The Sacred Valley, with its picturesque villages and ancient ruins, offers a serene escape from the bustling city. Whether you're interested in history, hiking, or simply soaking in the local culture, Cusco has something to offer for every traveler.
When is the best time to go to Cusco?
Iconic landmarks you can’t miss
Cuzco Main Square
Discover the vibrant atmosphere of Cuzco Main Square, a historic plaza that blends Inca heritage with colonial charm, perfect for tourists exploring the heart of Peru.
Saqsaywaman
Discover the ancient wonder of Saqsaywaman, a breathtaking Incan archaeological site near Cusco, rich in history and stunning landscapes.
Qorikancha
Explore Qorikancha, the Temple of the Sun, where Incan history and architectural brilliance come alive in the heart of Cusco.
Twelve Angled Stone
Discover the Twelve Angled Stone in Cusco, a stunning historical landmark showcasing the brilliance of Incan stonework and architecture.
Q'enco Archaeological Complex
Explore the ancient wonders of Q'enco Archaeological Complex, a sacred site rich in Incan history and breathtaking stone carvings.
Tupac Amaru Square
Discover the vibrant cultural heartbeat of Cusco at Tupac Amaru Square, where history, art, and local life come together in a beautiful park setting.
Church and Convent of Santo Domingo of Guzmán
Explore the Church and Convent of Santo Domingo, a stunning blend of Incan heritage and colonial architecture in the heart of Cusco, Peru.
Tambomachay
Explore the enchanting ruins of Tambomachay, an ancient Incan site in Cusco, known for its mesmerizing waterworks and stunning terraced landscapes.
Centro Qosqo de Arte Nativo
Explore the Centro Qosqo de Arte Nativo, a vibrant theater celebrating Andean culture through performing arts and authentic exhibitions in Cusco.
Sagrado Garden
Experience the serene beauty of Sagrado Garden, a tranquil oasis in the heart of Cusco, perfect for relaxation and nature appreciation.
Monumento Inca Pachacutec
Explore the Monumento Inca Pachacutec, a stunning tribute to Inca history offering breathtaking views and rich cultural insight in Cusco, Peru.
Mirador desde el Cristo Blanco
Experience breathtaking panoramic views from Cristo Blanco, a serene observation deck overlooking the stunning city of Cusco and the Andes.
Limacpampa
Explore Limacpampa, a serene city park in Cusco, where nature meets culture in the heart of Peru's historic center.
Cusco Cathedral
Explore the Cusco Cathedral, a stunning fusion of Incan and colonial architecture, rich in history and cultural significance in the heart of Peru.
Plaza Regocijo
Experience the serene beauty and rich culture of Plaza Regocijo, the vibrant heart of Cusco, where history and nature converge in a captivating city park.
Unmissable attractions to see
Plaza Mayor de Cusco
Discover the vibrant spirit of Cusco at the Plaza Mayor, a cultural hub surrounded by historic architecture and local Peruvian delights.
Mercado Central de San Pedro
Discover the flavors and colors of Cusco at Mercado Central de San Pedro, a must-visit market for an authentic Peruvian experience.
Ollantaytambo Sanctuary
Discover the ancient wonders of Ollantaytambo Sanctuary, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, where history and breathtaking landscapes converge in Peru's Sacred Valley.
Saqsaywaman
Discover the architectural marvel of Saqsaywaman, a UNESCO World Heritage site in Cusco, where Incan history comes alive amidst breathtaking landscapes.
Qorikancha
Discover the sacred beauty of Qorikancha, an iconic Inca temple that merges history and spirituality in the heart of Cusco, Peru.
Twelve Angled Stone
Explore the Twelve Angled Stone in Cusco, a stunning historical landmark showcasing Incan craftsmanship and architectural brilliance.
Moray
Explore Moray's ancient terraces, an archaeological marvel in the Sacred Valley, showcasing Incan agricultural ingenuity and breathtaking Andean views.
Parque Arqueológico Pisac
Explore the extraordinary Parque Arqueológico Pisac, an iconic archaeological site in Peru's Sacred Valley, rich in history and stunning landscapes.
Q'enco Archaeological Complex
Explore the enchanting Q'enco Archaeological Complex, a hidden gem in Cusco, revealing the rich history and artistry of the Incan civilization.
Centro Arqueológico de Chinchero
Explore the rich history and stunning landscapes of Centro Arqueológico de Chinchero, a key archaeological site in the heart of Peru's Sacred Valley.
Tambomachay
Explore the ancient beauty of Tambomachay, an Incan archaeological site featuring stunning aqueducts and serene waterfalls in the heart of the Andes.
Puka Pukara Archaeological Complex
Explore Puka Pukara, an ancient Inca archaeological site near Cusco, rich in history and stunning Andean scenery.
Viagens Machu Picchu
Discover the wonders of Machu Picchu with expert guidance and personalized tours from Viagens Machu Picchu in the heart of Cusco's historic center.
Sagrado Garden
Discover the tranquility of Sagrado Garden in Cusco, a vibrant oasis filled with stunning flora and serene pathways perfect for relaxation.
Estadio Inca Garcilaso de la Vega
Explore Estadio Inca Garcilaso de la Vega, Cusco's premier stadium, showcasing local sports culture and vibrant events in the heart of Peru.
Essential places to dine
LIMBUS RESTOBAR
Discover exquisite Peruvian cuisine and stunning views at Limbus Restobar in Cusco – where every bite tells a story.
Molly's Irish Bar and Restaurant Cusco
Experience the best of Irish hospitality blended with local flavors at Molly's Irish Bar and Restaurant in the heart of Cusco.
Pachapapa
Experience authentic Peruvian cuisine at Pachapapa in Cusco – where tradition meets flavor in every dish.
Republica Del Pisco - Cusco
Experience authentic Peruvian cuisine and vibrant pisco cocktails at Republica Del Pisco in Cusco's historic center.
Organika Restaurant
Discover the vibrant flavors of Peru at Organika Restaurant in Cusco - where organic meets tradition for an unforgettable dining experience.
Morena Peruvian Kitchen
Discover the vibrant flavors of Peru at Morena Peruvian Kitchen - a must-visit culinary destination in Cusco.
Green Point Vegan Restaurant
Discover delicious vegan cuisine in Cusco's historic center at Green Point Vegan Restaurant—where sustainability meets flavor.
Chicha por Gaston Acurio
Experience authentic Peruvian flavors at Chicha por Gaston Acurio in Cusco's vibrant Plaza Regocijo.
Yaku Restaurant
Experience the best of Peruvian gastronomy at Yaku Restaurant in Cusco - where tradition meets innovation in every delicious bite.
Rucula Peruvian Restaurant
Experience the authentic flavors of Peru at Rucula Peruvian Restaurant in Cusco – where tradition meets innovation in every dish.
Cicciolina
Experience authentic Italian cuisine fused with local flavors at Cicciolina in Cusco's historic center.
Nuna Raymi
Experience authentic Peruvian cuisine at Nuna Raymi in Cusco—where tradition meets flavor in every dish.
KUSYKAY Peruvian Craft Food
Experience the vibrant flavors of Peru at KUSYKAY, where traditional cuisine meets modern charm in the heart of Cusco.
Uchu Peruvian Steakhouse
Experience the essence of Peru at Uchu Peruvian Steakhouse with exquisite dishes and vibrant flavors in the heart of Cusco.
Inka Grill
Discover authentic Peruvian flavors at Inka Grill in Cusco – where tradition meets contemporary dining.
Markets, malls and hidden boutiques
Real Plaza Cusco
Discover Real Plaza Cusco: A dynamic shopping mall offering diverse retail, dining, and entertainment experiences amidst the charm of this historic city.
ARTESANIAS LLANCAQMAKI
Explore a treasure trove of authentic Peruvian crafts at Artesanias Llancaqmaki in Cusco, a must-visit souvenir store for every traveler.
Handicraft Center Cusco
Explore the Handicraft Center Cusco for authentic Peruvian crafts and unique souvenirs that reflect the rich culture and artistry of the Andean region.
EKEKOS SAN BLAS -art & COLORS
Discover the vibrant world of Peruvian art and crafts at EKEKOS SAN BLAS, where every piece tells a story.
hilo
Discover unique handmade clothing at Hilo in Cusco, where tradition meets contemporary fashion in a vibrant shopping atmosphere.
Casa Pallay
Discover unique Peruvian fashion at Casa Pallay, where tradition meets modern style in the heart of Cusco.
KUNA Plaza de Armas
Explore the essence of Peruvian fashion at KUNA Plaza de Armas, where tradition meets modern style in a vibrant shopping experience.
Concept store
Explore a blend of contemporary fashion and traditional Peruvian craftsmanship at this unique concept store in Cusco's historic center.
Frolic Cusco
Explore Frolic Cusco, the charming gift shop offering unique Peruvian crafts and souvenirs that encapsulate the essence of Cusco's rich culture.
Columbia - Real Plaza Cusco
Gear up for your Peruvian adventures at Columbia - Real Plaza Cusco, where quality outdoor clothing meets expert advice and stunning landscapes await.
Boutique Sumac
Discover the vibrant essence of Peruvian fashion at Boutique Sumac in Cusco, where unique craftsmanship meets cultural heritage.
Regalos de Sarita
Discover unique Peruvian handicrafts and souvenirs at Regalos de Sarita, the perfect gift shop in the heart of Cusco.
Souvenir and woodworking store
Explore authentic Peruvian craftsmanship at this charming souvenir store in Cusco, offering a wide range of handcrafted treasures.
Souvenirs Cusco
Discover authentic Peruvian crafts at Souvenirs Cusco, a must-visit store for unique clothing and cultural treasures in the heart of Cusco.
El chavo
Explore El Chavo in Cusco for unique, handcrafted gifts that embody the spirit of Peru's rich culture and artistry.
Essential bars & hidden hideouts
LIMBUS RESTOBAR
Experience the flavors of Peru with breathtaking views at Limbus Restobar, the perfect blend of dining and scenery in Cusco.
Molly's Irish Bar and Restaurant Cusco
Experience the warmth of Irish hospitality at Molly's Irish Bar and Restaurant in Cusco, where delicious cuisine meets vibrant entertainment.
La chupiteria the shot bar
Enjoy creative shots and a vibrant atmosphere at La Chupiteria, the ultimate nightlife experience in Cusco, Peru.
Ukukus Music Club - Bar
Discover the vibrant nightlife at Ukukus Music Club - Bar in Cusco, where lively music, dancing, and delicious fast food create unforgettable memories.
Paddy's Irish Pub
Experience the warmth of Irish hospitality at Paddy's Irish Pub in the heart of Cusco, where great food and drinks meet vibrant local culture.
Indigo Bar Restaurant
Indigo Bar Restaurant in Cusco: Experience a delightful fusion of Thai flavors and grilled specialties in a vibrant atmosphere.
La Fabrica Sports Bar
Experience the vibrant nightlife of Cusco at La Fabrica Sports Bar, where sports, drinks, and good company come together in a lively atmosphere.
Cholos Craft Beers Cusco
Experience Peruvian brewing culture at Cholos Craft Beers in Cusco, where local flavors meet vibrant ambiance in a historic setting.
Los Perros
Discover the vibrant nightlife of Cusco at Los Perros, where craft beers and delicious bites await in a lively atmosphere.
Chango Club Cusco
Experience the vibrant nightlife at Chango Club Cusco, where creative cocktails and energetic music come together in a lively atmosphere.
El Duende Resto Lounge
Experience the vibrant nightlife of Cusco at El Duende Resto Lounge, where delicious food and creative cocktails await.
Blackbird Club
Discover the energetic nightlife at Blackbird Club in Cusco, with live music, delightful drinks, and a vibrant atmosphere that captures the essence of Peruvian culture.
Rock House Cafe
Experience the vibrant nightlife of Cusco at Rock House Cafe, where gastronomy meets live music in a unique atmosphere.
Black Cat Bar Cusco - Craft Cocktails & Spirits
Discover the vibrant atmosphere and expertly crafted cocktails at Black Cat Bar Cusco, the perfect spot for nightlife enthusiasts in the heart of Peru.
El Viejo Bar
Discover the vibrant nightlife of Cusco at El Viejo Bar, where local flavors and live music create an unforgettable experience.
Travel experiences inspired by this city
Local Phrases
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- HelloQanikama
[ka-nee-ka-ma] - GoodbyeQamkuna
[kam-koo-na] - YesArí
[a-ree] - NoManan
[ma-nan] - Please/You're welcomeJamuyku
[ha-mooi-koo] - Thank youSulpayki
[sul-pai-kee] - Excuse me/SorryDispinsayki
[dis-pin-sai-kee] - How are you?Imaynallam?
[ee-mai-nal-lam] - Fine. And you?Allin. Chaykam?
[ai-yin. chai-kam] - Do you speak English?Inglismanta rimanichu?
[ing-lis-man-ta ree-man-ee-choo] - I don't understandMananmiykichu
[ma-nan-mee-kee-choo]
- HelloQanikama
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- I'd like to see the menu, pleaseMenukamanta qawachiykani, jamuyku
[men-oo-ka-man-ta ka-wa-chee-ka-nee, ha-mooi-koo] - I don't eat meatKarnirunakuman
[kar-nee-roo-na-koo-man] - Cheers!Chin chin!
[chin chin] - I would like to pay, pleaseYanapaykani, jamuyku
[ya-na-pai-ka-nee, ha-mooi-koo]
- I'd like to see the menu, pleaseMenukamanta qawachiykani, jamuyku
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- Help!¡Yanapani!
[ya-na-pa-nee] - Go away!¡Chaywanichu!
[chai-wa-nee-choo] - Call the Police!Pulisqamanta llamanki!
[poo-lees-ka-man-ta ya-man-kee] - Call a doctor!Takiykimantata llamanki!
[ta-kee-kee-man-ta-ta ya-man-kee] - I'm lostHanp'uychu
[han-pooi-choo] - I'm illTakiykiman
[ta-kee-kee-man]
- Help!¡Yanapani!
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- I'd like to buy...Rikuchiykani...
[ree-koo-chee-ka-nee] - I'm just lookingRikurichiy
[ree-koo-ree-chee] - How much is it?Imaynata munanki?
[ee-mai-na-ta moo-nan-kee] - That's too expensiveAllinmi kuti
[ai-yin-mee koo-tee] - Can you lower the price?Munankichu kutin?
[moo-nan-kee-choo koo-teen]
- I'd like to buy...Rikuchiykani...
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- What time is it?Imaymanaykuchu?
[ee-mai-ma-na-ee-koo-choo] - It's one o'clockJujuykankama
[hoo-hooi-kan-ka-ma] - Half past (10)Iskay p'unchay
[ees-kai poon-cha-i] - MorningP'unchay
[poon-cha-i] - AfternoonInti chay
[een-tee chai] - EveningTuta chay
[too-ta chai] - YesterdayHuñu p'unchay
[hoo-nyoo poon-cha-i] - TodayK'uyu
[koo-yoo] - TomorrowMayuq
[ma-yook] - 1Huk
[hook] - 2Iskay
[ees-kai] - 3Kimsa
[keem-sa] - 4Tawa
[ta-wa] - 5Pisqa
[pees-ka] - 6Suqta
[sook-ta] - 7Qanchis
[kan-chees] - 8Pusaq
[poo-sak] - 9Isqun
[ees-koon] - 10Chunka
[choon-ka]
- What time is it?Imaymanaykuchu?
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- Where's a/the...?¿Maypin...?
[mai-peen] - What's the address?¿Imaynata willay?
[ee-mai-na-ta wee-yai] - Can you show me (on the map)?¿Mapata chaskiykichu?
[ma-pa-ta chas-kee-kee-choo] - When's the next (bus)?¿Kayman punchaw?
[kai-man poon-chow] - A ticket (to ....)¿Tikiti (kutin...)?
[tee-kee-tee koo-teen]
- Where's a/the...?¿Maypin...?
History of Cusco
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The city of Cusco, often referred to as the 'Navel of the World,' was the heart of the Inca Empire. Founded in the 12th century by Manco Capac, the first Sapa Inca, Cusco was established as the capital of one of the largest and most powerful empires in pre-Columbian America. The Incas developed a complex society with advanced agricultural practices, engineering feats, and an intricate road system that all radiated from Cusco.
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In the mid-15th century, the Inca leader Pachacuti came to power and transformed Cusco into a grand city. He is credited with developing the city's impressive architecture, including the construction of the famous Sacsayhuamán fortress, which still stands today. Pachacuti’s reign marked a period of territorial expansion and consolidation, turning Cusco into a vibrant hub of culture, politics, and commerce.
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In 1533, Spanish conquistador Francisco Pizarro arrived in Cusco, leading to the fall of the Inca Empire. The Spaniards were captivated by the wealth and sophistication of Cusco, and soon began to impose their own culture and religion on the city. The Inca temples were often destroyed or repurposed for Catholic churches, but many Inca structures, such as the Coricancha (Temple of the Sun), were integrated into the new colonial architecture.
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During the colonial period, Cusco was transformed into a Spanish city. The construction of Baroque churches, monasteries, and colonial mansions reflected the blending of Spanish and indigenous cultures. The Cathedral of Santo Domingo, built on the foundations of the Inca temple of Viracocha, is a prime example of this architectural fusion. Cusco became a significant religious and administrative center in the Spanish Viceroyalty of Peru.
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Cusco played an important role in the Peruvian struggle for independence. The city witnessed several uprisings against Spanish rule, including the 1780 rebellion led by Túpac Amaru II, a descendant of the Inca royal family. Although the rebellion was crushed, it ignited a spirit of resistance that persisted until Peru gained independence in 1821. In the Republican era, Cusco continued to be a key cultural and historical center, preserving its rich heritage.
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Today, Cusco is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a major tourist destination, attracting millions of visitors each year. The city is a gateway to Machu Picchu and is celebrated for its well-preserved colonial architecture, vibrant festivals, and unique cultural blend. The annual Inti Raymi festival, a reenactment of the Inca sun festival, showcases the enduring legacy of Cusco's indigenous past. Modern Cusco continues to honor its history while embracing contemporary influences.
Cusco Essentials
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Cusco is most commonly reached by air, with Alejandro Velasco Astete International Airport (CUZ) being the main gateway. Direct flights are available from Lima, the capital of Peru, as well as other major cities in South America. Alternatively, you can take a bus from Lima to Cusco, a journey that takes approximately 20-22 hours and offers scenic views of the Andean landscape. Train services from Ollantaytambo to Cusco are also available for those coming from the Sacred Valley or Machu Picchu.
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Once in Cusco, taxis and ride-sharing apps like Uber are convenient for getting around. Public buses, known as 'combis,' are an affordable option, though they can be crowded. For a unique experience, try the 'colectivos' (shared minivans) for short trips to nearby towns. Additionally, many attractions in the city center are within walking distance, making it easy to explore on foot. If you prefer a guided experience, numerous tour operators offer day trips and excursions.
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The official currency in Peru is the Peruvian Sol (PEN). Credit and debit cards are widely accepted in most hotels, restaurants, and shops in Cusco. However, it is advisable to carry some cash for smaller establishments, markets, and rural areas. ATMs are plentiful in the city, especially in the main tourist areas. Be mindful of withdrawal fees and currency exchange rates.
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Cusco is generally safe for tourists, but standard precautions should be taken. Avoid carrying large sums of money and keep your belongings secure, especially in crowded areas like the San Pedro Market. Be cautious in the neighborhoods of San Blas and the Cusco Historic Center at night, as petty crimes such as pickpocketing can occur. Always use registered taxis and avoid walking alone in poorly lit areas after dark.
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In case of emergency, dial 105 for police assistance or 106 for a medical emergency. The main hospital in Cusco is Hospital Regional, offering 24-hour emergency services. Pharmacies are widely available for minor health issues. It is highly recommended to have travel insurance that covers medical emergencies and repatriation. For lost or stolen items, report to the nearest police station and contact your embassy if necessary.
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Fashion: Do dress in layers, as Cusco's weather can change rapidly. Avoid flashy jewelry and expensive accessories. Religion: Do show respect when visiting religious sites; remove hats and speak quietly. Public Transport: Do be polite and offer seats to elderly passengers. Don't eat or drink on public transportation. Greetings: Do greet people with a friendly 'Buenos días' or 'Buenas tardes.' A handshake is a common form of greeting. Eating & Drinking: Do try local dishes like ceviche and alpaca steak. Don't drink tap water; always opt for bottled or filtered water.
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To experience Cusco like a local, visit the San Pedro Market for fresh produce and traditional Peruvian foods. Try to learn a few basic phrases in Spanish or Quechua to engage with locals. Participate in local festivals such as Inti Raymi, held in June, to get a glimpse of traditional Andean culture. For a less touristy experience, explore the lesser-known ruins of Tipón or Pikillaqta. Don't forget to acclimatize to the high altitude by taking it easy for the first couple of days and drinking plenty of coca tea.
Trending Landmark in Cusco
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Cuzco Main Square
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Saqsaywaman
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Qorikancha
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Twelve Angled Stone
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Q'enco Archaeological Complex
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Tupac Amaru Square
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Church and Convent of Santo Domingo of Guzmán
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Tambomachay
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Centro Qosqo de Arte Nativo
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Sagrado Garden
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Monumento Inca Pachacutec
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Mirador desde el Cristo Blanco
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Limacpampa
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Cusco Cathedral
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Plaza Regocijo
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