Rosenborg Castle

A Renaissance Jewel in the King’s Garden

Rosenborg Castle appears almost theatrical as you approach through the leafy King’s Garden, its copper spires and patterned red brickwork rising above orderly lawns and flowerbeds. Built between 1606 and 1634 as the favourite retreat of King Christian IV, it embodies the Dutch Renaissance style that reshaped Copenhagen in the 17th century. Despite its modest footprint compared with sprawling European palaces, every facade is alive with gables, bay windows and decorative stonework. The setting is part of the magic. The castle sits slightly elevated within the garden, once a private royal retreat and now one of the city’s most beloved green spaces. In spring and summer, rows of tulips, flowering trees and long alleys of lime trees create a soft frame around the fortress-like silhouette, while in winter the bare branches and low Nordic light lend the building a more austere, historical drama.

Inside the Private World of Danish Kings

Step through the entrance and Rosenborg quickly shifts from fairy-tale exterior to intimate royal home. Floors of creaking timber and low ceilings in some rooms make it easy to imagine Christian IV and his court moving through these spaces. The castle’s route leads you through a sequence of chambers that track the evolution of royal taste over three centuries, from richly panelled Renaissance rooms to later Baroque and Rococo interiors. Among the most atmospheric spaces is the Winter Room, considered the best-preserved room from the original castle. Here you find the king’s tiny writing cabinet tucked into a corner and evidence of ingenious earlier defences, including where the mechanism for the drawbridge once stood. Elsewhere you encounter royal bedrooms with canopied beds, tiled stoves, and small studies filled with portraits, globes and curiosities that reveal the intellectual and political world of the Danish court.

The Knights’ Hall and Ceremonial Splendour

At the top of the castle, the long, light-filled Knights’ Hall stretches almost the full length of the building, functioning as Rosenborg’s grand finale. The space is dominated by the coronation thrones of the king and queen. The king’s throne, fashioned from narwhal tusk and decorated with gilded figures, pairs with the queen’s glittering silver throne, a powerful visual statement of royal authority. Around them, three life-size silver lions stand on guard, poised mid-stride on the chequered floor. Tapestries along the walls depict dramatic battles between Denmark and Sweden, turning the hall into a vivid visual chronicle of Scandinavian rivalry. The combination of woven battle scenes, polished floors, and the play of daylight across metal and ivory creates one of Copenhagen’s most striking historic interiors.

Crown Jewels Beneath the Castle

From the upper floors, the route eventually leads down into the castle’s basement, where the atmosphere changes markedly. Cool, thick walls and subdued lighting prepare you for Rosenborg’s most famous treasure: the Danish Crown Jewels and royal regalia, stored in secure vaults beneath the castle. Displayed in glass cases, crowns, sceptres, ceremonial swords and jewel sets sparkle against dark backgrounds. The collection includes some of the world’s finest emeralds, alongside garnet, diamond and pearl sets that were reserved for queens and consorts. These pieces are not only showpieces of craftsmanship; they also trace the shifting alliances and ambitions of the Danish monarchy through gemstones, enamel and gold. Nearby, cabinets of ceremonial weapons, ornate saddles and state objects round out a portrait of royal power expressed through material luxury.

Collections, Curiosities and Royal Stories

Beyond the jewels, Rosenborg houses an unexpectedly rich array of decorative arts. Tower rooms contain one of the world’s most notable collections of Venetian glass, with delicate goblets, coloured glassware and elaborate vessels that speak to Denmark’s engagement with wider European trade and fashion. Elsewhere you might find Flora Danica porcelain, intricate clocks, and small bronze figures, each displayed in intimate rooms rather than vast museum halls. Portraits and objects reveal more personal royal narratives, including the dramatic story of Queen Caroline Mathilde and her relationship with the royal physician Johann Friedrich Struensee, whose rise and fall shaped 18th-century Danish politics. Wax figures of former royal inhabitants, period clothing and everyday objects subtly humanise the monarchy. Taken together, the castle offers not just a catalogue of beautiful things, but a layered, tangible journey through Denmark’s royal past in a setting that still feels like a lived-in palace.