Foundation and Early History
Aurangabad, originally known as Khadki, was founded in 1610 by Malik Ambar, the Prime Minister of the Ahmadnagar Sultanate. It was later renamed Fatehnagar by his son, Fateh Khan, and finally Aurangabad by the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb in 1653, when he made it his capital during his Deccan campaign.
Aurangzeb's Rule
Aurangzeb, the sixth Mughal Emperor, is a significant figure in the history of Aurangabad. The city served as his capital during his reign in the Deccan region from 1653 to 1707. During this period, Aurangzeb commissioned several structures, including the Bibi Ka Maqbara, which is often referred to as the 'Taj of the Deccan' due to its resemblance to the Taj Mahal.
Bibi Ka Maqbara
Bibi Ka Maqbara, built between 1651 and 1661, is a mausoleum dedicated to Dilras Banu Begum, Aurangzeb's first wife. This architectural marvel was designed by Ata-ullah, the son of Ustad Ahmad Lahauri, the principal designer of the Taj Mahal. It stands as a testament to Mughal architecture in the Deccan region.
The Maratha Period
Aurangabad came under the control of the Marathas in the early 18th century after the decline of the Mughal Empire. The city was part of the Nizam's dominions, which later became the princely state of Hyderabad. The Maratha period saw the construction of several forts and temples in and around Aurangabad.
The British Era
During the British colonial period, Aurangabad was part of the Hyderabad State under the Nizam's rule. The city modernized with the introduction of railways and other infrastructure developments. The Nizam's loyal association with the British Empire ensured that Aurangabad remained a significant administrative and cultural hub.
Post-Independence Development
After India's independence in 1947, Aurangabad became part of the Indian state of Maharashtra. The city has since developed into an industrial and educational center, known for its textile industry and educational institutions like Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University.
Ellora and Ajanta Caves
Aurangabad is renowned for its proximity to the Ellora and Ajanta caves, UNESCO World Heritage Sites. The Ellora Caves, dating from 600 to 1000 AD, feature rock-cut monasteries and temples representing Hindu, Buddhist, and Jain traditions. The Ajanta Caves, older and dating from the 2nd century BCE to 480 CE, are famous for their stunning murals and sculptures that depict the life of the Buddha.
Cultural Heritage
Aurangabad is a melting pot of cultures, influenced by various dynasties and rulers. The city celebrates a variety of festivals, including the vibrant Ellora-Ajanta Festival, which showcases classical Indian dance and music. The local cuisine, including the famous Naan Qalia, reflects the rich culinary traditions inherited from the Mughal and Nizam eras.