Munnar: The Serene Hill Station of Southern India

• Helloഹലോ
  [halo]
• Goodbyeബായ്
  [bai]
• Yesഅതും
  [athum]
• Noഇല്ല
  [illa]
• Please/You're welcomeദയവായി
  [dayavayi]
• Thank youനന്ദി
  [nandi]
• Excuse me/Sorryക്ഷമിക്കണം
  [kshamikkam]
• How are you?സുഖമാണോ?
  [sukhamaano]
• Fine. And you?നന്ദി. നിനക്കോരുത്തി?
  [nandi. ninakkoarutti]
• Do you speak English?നിനക്ക് ഇംഗ്ലീഷ് സംസാരിക്കുന്നോ?
  [ninakku English samsaarikkunno]
• I don't understandഞാൻ പഠിക്കില്ല
  [naan pathikkilla]

• I'd like to see the menu, pleaseദയവായി മെനു കാണാനും
  [dayavayi menu kaanaanum]
• I don't eat meatഞാൻ പാനം കഴിക്കുന്നില്ല
  [naan paanam kazhikkunnila]
• Cheers!ചീര്!
  [cheers]
• I would like to pay, pleaseദയവായി പണം നൽകാനും
  [dayavayi panam nalkaanum]

• Help!സഹായം!
  [sahaayam]
• Go away!പോയി!
  [poi]
• Call the Police!പോലീസിനെ വിളിക്കുക!
  [police ne vilikkuka]
• Call a doctor!ഡോക്ടറെ വിളിക്കുക!
  [doctor ne vilikkuka]
• I'm lostഞാൻ പതിന്നുള്ളു
  [naan pathinnullu]
• I'm illഞാൻ രോഗിയാണു
  [naan rogiyaanu]

• I'd like to buy...ഞാൻ വാങ്ങാനും...
  [naan vaanghaanum]
• I'm just lookingഞാൻ കാണാനും
  [naan kaanaanum]
• How much is it?അത് എത്ര?
  [athu ethra]
• That's too expensiveഅത് വളരെ വലിയത്
  [athu valare valiyathu]
• Can you lower the price?വില കുറയ്ക്കാനും?
  [vila kuraykaanum]

• What time is it?എന്താണ് സമയം?
  [enthaanu samayam]
• It's one o'clockഒന്ന് മണിക്കൂർ
  [onnu manikkoor]
• Half past (10)പത്തിശ്ശമിനിട
  [pathshaminith]
• Morningരാവിലെ
  [raavile]
• Afternoonഉച്ചയ്ക്ക്
  [uchaykku]
• Eveningസന്ധ്യ
  [sandhya]
• Yesterdayഇന്നലെ
  [innale]
• Todayഇന്ന്
  [innu]
• Tomorrowനാളെ
  [naale]
• 1ഒന്ന്
  [onnu]
• 2രണ്ട്
  [randu]
• 3മൂന്ന്
  [moonnu]
• 4നാല്
  [naalu]
• 5അഞ്ച്
  [anch]
• 6ആറ്
  [aaru]
• 7ഏഴ്
  [ezhu]
• 8എട്ട്
  [ett]
• 9ഒമ്പത്
  [ombath]
• 10പത്ത്
  [path]

• Where's a/the...?ഒരു/അന്യം... എങ്ങനുണ്ട്?
  [oru/anyam... enganundo]
• What's the address?വിലാസം എന്താണ്?
  [vilasam enthaanu]
• Can you show me (on the map)?ഞാൻ കാണിക്കാനും (മാപ്പിൽ)?
  [naan kaanikkānum (māppil)]
• When's the next (bus)?അടുത്ത (ബസ്സ്) എപ്പോഴാണ്?
  [aṭutta (bass) eppōḻāṇu]
• A ticket (to ....)ഒരു ടിക്കറ്റ് (.... വരെ)
  [oru ṭikkaṟṟ (.... vare)]

Munnar’s history can be traced back to the 10th century when it was inhabited by the indigenous tribes, primarily the Muthuvans and the Malayarayans. These tribes lived in harmony with nature, practicing traditional agriculture and worshipping the forest gods. The name 'Munnar' itself means 'three rivers', referring to the confluence of the Mudhirapuzha, Nallathanni, and Kundaly rivers.

The late 19th century marked a significant turning point in Munnar's history with the arrival of British planters. The British recognized the region's potential for tea cultivation and established tea estates, transforming the landscape and economy. In 1877, John Daniel Munro, a British lawyer, was instrumental in acquiring land from the local tribal chieftains to set up these plantations. The Kannan Devan Hills Produce Company was formed in 1897, which played a crucial role in the development of the tea industry in Munnar.

In 1964, the Tata Group, one of India's largest conglomerates, entered the scene by forming a joint venture with the Finlay Mills to establish Tata-Finlay. This eventually became known as Tata Tea Limited. The Tata Group brought about significant advancements in tea production techniques, infrastructure, and welfare programs for the plantation workers, effectively shaping modern Munnar.

While Munnar was primarily a tranquil hill station focused on tea production, it wasn't untouched by the winds of change during the Indian Independence Movement. Local leaders and workers participated in various non-cooperation movements and strikes against British rule. The region saw several peaceful protests, driven by the desire for Indian self-rule and better working conditions for the laborers in the tea estates.

Munnar is not just about its man-made history; its natural history is equally fascinating. The region is part of the Western Ghats, a UNESCO World Heritage site, known for its rich biodiversity. The Eravikulam National Park, located near Munnar, is home to the endangered Nilgiri Tahr. The region's unique shola forests and grasslands are a testament to its ecological importance, dating back millions of years.

Munnar’s cultural fabric is a blend of tribal traditions and colonial influences. The local festivals like Onam and Vishu are celebrated with great fervor, showcasing traditional Kerala art forms, such as Kathakali and Mohiniyattam. The tea estates also observe unique festivals such as the annual Tea Festival, which highlights the cultural and economic significance of tea in the region.

In recent decades, Munnar has evolved into a major tourist destination, attracting visitors from all over the world. The region's picturesque landscapes, colonial-era bungalows, and expansive tea gardens offer a serene escape from urban life. Efforts are being made to promote sustainable tourism to preserve Munnar’s natural beauty and cultural heritage for future generations.

Munnar is located in the Idukki district of Kerala, India. The nearest airport is Cochin International Airport (COK), approximately 110 kilometers away. From the airport, you can hire a taxi or take a prearranged car to Munnar, which typically takes around 3 to 4 hours by road. Alternatively, you can take a train to Aluva or Ernakulam, the nearest railway stations, and then continue the journey by road.

Munnar is a hilly region, and local transportation options include taxis, auto-rickshaws, and buses. Taxis can be hired for full-day or half-day trips, and auto-rickshaws are suitable for shorter distances. Local buses connect Munnar with nearby towns and villages, but they can be infrequent. Renting a car or a two-wheeler is also an option for exploring the area at your own pace.

The official currency in India is the Indian Rupee (INR). Credit and debit cards are widely accepted in hotels, restaurants, and larger shops in Munnar. However, it's advisable to carry some cash for small purchases, especially in remote areas. ATMs are available in Munnar, but it’s wise to withdraw sufficient cash in larger cities before heading to the hills.

Munnar is generally a safe destination for tourists. However, like any travel destination, it is advisable to take standard precautions. Avoid isolated areas, especially at night, and keep an eye on your belongings in crowded places. There are no specific high-crime areas targeting tourists, but it’s always best to stay vigilant and aware of your surroundings.

In case of emergency, dial 112 for immediate assistance. Munnar has a local police station and medical facilities, including a government hospital and several private clinics. It is recommended to have travel insurance that covers medical emergencies. For minor health issues, there are pharmacies in the town where you can purchase over-the-counter medications.

Fashion: Do dress modestly, especially when visiting religious sites. Avoid wearing revealing clothing. Religion: Do respect local customs and traditions. Always remove your shoes before entering temples. Public Transport: Do be respectful and give up your seat to elderly passengers. Don’t eat or drink on public transport. Greetings: Do greet people with a 'Namaste' or a handshake. A slight bow of the head is also a sign of respect. Eating & Drinking: Do try local delicacies and accept food offerings graciously. Don’t refuse hospitality, as it is considered impolite.

To experience Munnar like a local, visit the local markets where you can buy fresh produce and traditional Kerala goods. Engage with locals, as they are often friendly and willing to share stories about the region's history and culture. Don't miss visiting the tea plantations, which offer guided tours and tastings. For a unique experience, take a walk through the Eravikulam National Park, home to the endangered Nilgiri Tahr.