Chennai: Gateway to South India's Rich Heritage

• Helloவணக்கம்
  [Vanakkam]
• Goodbyeவாழ்க வளமுடன்
  [Vazhga Valamudan]
• Yesஆம்
  [Aam]
• Noஇல்லை
  [Illai]
• Please/You're welcomeதயவு செய்து/நன்றி
  [Thayavu Seythu/Nandri]
• Thank youநன்றி
  [Nandri]
• Excuse me/Sorryமன்னிக்கவும்
  [Mannikkavum]
• How are you?எப்படி இருக்கிறீர்கள்?
  [Eppadi Irukkireergal?]
• Fine. And you?நல்லது. நீங்கள் எப்படி?
  [Nalladhu. Neengal Eppadi?]
• Do you speak English?நீங்கள் ஆங்கிலம் பேசுகிறீர்களா?
  [Neengal Aangilam Pesukireergala?]
• I don't understandபுரிகின்றதில்லை
  [Purikindradhillai]

• I'd like to see the menu, pleaseதயவுசெய்து மெனுவை காண வேண்டும்
  [Thayavu Seythu Menuvai Kaana Vendam]
• I don't eat meatநான் பசும்பு உண்ணவில்லை
  [Naan Pasumpu Unnavillai]
• Cheers!காஞ்சியம்!
  [Kaanjiyam!]
• I would like to pay, pleaseதயவுசெய்து பணம் செலுத்த வேண்டும்
  [Thayavu Seythu Panam Selutha Vendam]

• Help!உதவி!
  [Udhavi!]
• Go away!விடு!
  [Vidu!]
• Call the Police!காவல் அலுவலகத்தை அழைக்கவும்!
  [Kaaval Aluvalagathai Azhaikkavum!]
• Call a doctor!ஒரு மருத்துவரை அழைக்கவும்!
  [Oru Maruthuvarai Azhaikkavum!]
• I'm lostநான் காணப்படவில்லை
  [Naan Kaanappadavillai]
• I'm illஎனக்கு நோய் இருக்கிறது
  [Enakku Noy Irukkindradhu]

• I'd like to buy...வாங்க வேண்டும்...
  [Vaanga Vendam...]
• I'm just lookingநான் பார்க்கிறேன்
  [Naan Paarkireen]
• How much is it?அது எவ்வளவு?
  [Athu Evvalavu?]
• That's too expensiveஅது மிகவும் முற்பட்டது
  [Athu Migavum Murpattadhu]
• Can you lower the price?விலையை குறைக்கலாமா?
  [Vilaiyai Kurikaalamah?]

• What time is it?எந்த நேரம்?
  [Endha Neram?]
• It's one o'clockஒரு மணி
  [Oru Mani]
• Half past (10)பத்துக்கு பிறகு
  [Pathukku Piragu]
• Morningகாலை
  [Kaalaai]
• Afternoonமதியம்
  [Mathiyam]
• Eveningமாலை
  [Maalai]
• Yesterdayநேற்று
  [Nettru]
• Todayஇன்று
  [Indru]
• Tomorrowநாளை
  [Naalai]
• 1ஒன்று
  [Onru]
• 2இரண்டு
  [Irandu]
• 3மூன்று
  [Moonru]
• 4நான்கு
  [Naanku]
• 5ஐந்து
  [Aindhu]
• 6ஆறு
  [Aaru]
• 7ஏழு
  [Ezhu]
• 8எட்டு
  [Ettu]
• 9ஒன்பது
  [Onpathu]
• 10பத்து
  [Pathu]

• Where's a/the...?எங்கே உள்ளது...?
  [Enge Ulladhu...?]
• What's the address?முகவரி என்ன?
  [Mugavari Enna?]
• Can you show me (on the map)?நீங்கள் கார்ட்டில் காண்கின்றீர்களா?
  [Neengal Cardil Kaankinreergala?]
• When's the next (bus)?அடுத்தது எப்போது?
  [Aduthadhu Eppothu?]
• A ticket (to ....)ஒரு டிக்கெட் (அல்லது ....)
  [Oru Ticket (allathu ....)]

The city of Chennai, originally known as Madras, was founded in 1639 by the British East India Company. The settlement began when Francis Day and Andrew Cogan secured a grant of land from the local Nayak rulers to build a trading post. This grant laid the foundation for Fort St. George, the first British fortress in India, which became the nucleus around which the city expanded.

Fort St. George, constructed in 1644, is a historic fortress and the first English fortress in India. It played a pivotal role in the establishment of British rule in India. The fort houses the St. Mary's Church, the oldest Anglican church in India, and the Fort Museum, which showcases artifacts from the colonial era. It remains a symbol of Chennai’s colonial past and serves as the administrative headquarters for the legislative assembly of Tamil Nadu.

Marina Beach, stretching over 13 kilometers along the Bay of Bengal, is one of the longest urban beaches in the world. The beach has been a significant part of the city's cultural and social life since the 19th century. It became a popular promenade during British rule and continues to be a bustling spot for locals and tourists alike, hosting various cultural events, political rallies, and festivals.

Chennai has been a central hub for the Dravidian movement, which began in the early 20th century as a response to Brahminical dominance and British colonial rule. The movement led to the rise of influential political parties like the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) and the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK). These parties have played a significant role in shaping the political landscape of Tamil Nadu and advocating for social justice, linguistic pride, and regional identity.

Mylapore is one of the oldest residential areas in Chennai, with a history dating back over 1,500 years. It is known for its rich cultural heritage, including the famous Kapaleeshwarar Temple, dedicated to Lord Shiva, which exemplifies Dravidian architecture. Mylapore is also home to the San Thome Basilica, built over the tomb of St. Thomas the Apostle. The area represents a confluence of Hindu and Christian traditions, making it a vibrant cultural melting pot.

Post-independence, Chennai emerged as a major industrial and economic hub in India. The establishment of the Integral Coach Factory in 1955 and the expansion of the automobile industry in the late 20th century brought significant economic growth. The city also saw a boom in the IT sector, earning it the nickname 'The Detroit of India'. The economic transformation has been crucial in shaping modern Chennai, contributing to its status as a metropolitan city with diverse industries.

Chennai is the heart of the Tamil film industry, popularly known as Kollywood. The industry has produced numerous iconic films and stars, contributing significantly to Indian cinema. Studios like AVM and Prasad have been at the forefront of film production since the 1930s. The vibrant film culture in Chennai has influenced not just entertainment but also politics and social issues, with many actors like M.G. Ramachandran and Jayalalithaa transitioning into influential political figures.

Chennai is well-connected by air, rail, and road. The Chennai International Airport (MAA) serves both domestic and international flights, making it the primary gateway for travelers. Major airlines operate regular flights to and from key cities around the world. Chennai Central (MAS) and Chennai Egmore (MS) are the two main railway stations, connecting the city with other parts of India. For road travelers, Chennai is accessible via several national highways, and buses are available from neighboring states.

Chennai offers a variety of transportation options. The Metropolitan Transport Corporation (MTC) operates a comprehensive network of buses covering the entire city. The Chennai Metro is a fast and efficient way to navigate key areas. Auto-rickshaws and taxis are widely available, with ride-hailing apps like Ola and Uber providing convenient booking options. For a more local experience, you can also use suburban trains, which connect different parts of the city and its outskirts.

The official currency in Chennai is the Indian Rupee (INR). Credit and debit cards are widely accepted in hotels, restaurants, and major retail outlets. However, it is advisable to carry some cash for smaller establishments and street vendors. ATMs are plentiful throughout the city, and currency exchange services are available at the airport, major hotels, and currency exchange offices.

Chennai is generally considered safe for tourists, but it is always wise to take standard precautions. Avoid walking alone late at night in unfamiliar areas. Be cautious with your belongings in crowded places, such as markets and public transport. Areas like George Town and parts of North Chennai have higher crime rates, so it is best to be vigilant if you need to visit these areas. Always use registered taxis or trusted ride-hailing services.

In case of emergencies, dial 100 for police assistance, 101 for fire services, and 102 for medical emergencies. The city has numerous hospitals, including Apollo Hospitals, Fortis Malar, and MIOT International, which offer quality healthcare services. Pharmacies are widespread, and many are open 24/7. It is advisable to have travel insurance that covers medical emergencies.

Fashion: Do dress modestly, especially when visiting religious sites. Avoid wearing revealing clothing. Religion: Do respect local customs and remove your footwear before entering temples. Public Transport: Do be patient and respectful on public transport. Avoid eating or drinking in buses and trains. Greetings: Do greet people with a 'Namaste' or a simple handshake. Eating & Drinking: Do try local dishes and accept food offerings with your right hand. Avoid eating with your left hand, as it is considered impolite.

To experience Chennai like a local, visit Marina Beach early in the morning for a peaceful walk and a chance to see fishermen at work. Explore the bustling streets of T. Nagar for shopping and try local snacks like 'sundal' from street vendors. Take an evening stroll along Elliot's Beach in Besant Nagar, a popular hangout spot for locals. Engage with the friendly Chennai residents to learn more about the city's rich culture and history.