The Founding of Marietta
Marietta, founded on April 7, 1788, is the first permanent settlement in the Northwest Territory. Named after Marie Antoinette in honor of France's aid during the American Revolution, the city was established by the Ohio Company of Associates, veterans of the Revolutionary War who were granted land in Ohio as payment for their service. This event marked the beginning of westward expansion and set the stage for the development of the Midwest.
Campus Martius and Picketed Point
The early settlers built Campus Martius, a large fortification, to protect themselves from potential Native American attacks. The fort included blockhouses, a covered walkway, and living quarters, and it served as a community center. Picketed Point, another fortification, was constructed on the Muskingum River’s bank. Both structures were vital for the settlers' safety and symbolized their resilience and determination to establish a thriving community in the wilderness.
The Harmar Settlement
Across the Muskingum River from Marietta, Colonel Josiah Harmar established Fort Harmar in 1785. The fort played a crucial role in maintaining peace between settlers and Native Americans. It also served as a trading post and attracted additional settlers to the area. The presence of the fort ensured a sense of security and stability, which was essential for the growth of Marietta and the surrounding regions.
The Birthplace of Ohio
Marietta holds the distinction of being the 'Birthplace of Ohio.' In 1803, as Ohio became the 17th state of the Union, Marietta's significance as a political and cultural hub grew. The Northwest Ordinance of 1787, which governed the settlement of the Northwest Territory, laid the groundwork for the establishment of new states and prohibited slavery in the region, setting a precedent for the future state’s values and governance.
The Underground Railroad
Marietta played a notable role in the Underground Railroad, providing a safe haven for enslaved people seeking freedom in the North. The city’s location along the Ohio River made it a critical stop on the path to liberation. Local residents, including members of the Unitarian Church, were active participants in the abolitionist movement, offering shelter and assistance to those escaping the bonds of slavery.
The Steamboat Era
In the 19th century, Marietta became a bustling riverboat town. The city’s strategic location at the confluence of the Ohio and Muskingum Rivers made it a key hub for trade and transportation. The steamboat era brought economic prosperity, facilitating the movement of goods and people, and contributing to the growth and development of Marietta as a vibrant commercial center.
The Great Flood of 1913
One of the most devastating events in Marietta’s history was the Great Flood of 1913, which caused widespread destruction and loss of life. The floodwaters inundated homes, businesses, and infrastructure, leaving a lasting impact on the community. Despite the destruction, the resilience of Marietta’s citizens shone through as they rebuilt and restored their city, demonstrating the enduring spirit of this historic town.
Marietta College
Founded in 1835, Marietta College is a cornerstone of the city’s educational and cultural landscape. The college has a rich history of academic excellence and community involvement. Its historic campus, listed on the National Register of Historic Places, includes landmarks such as Erwin Hall and Andrews Hall. Marietta College continues to be a beacon of learning and a significant contributor to the city’s cultural and intellectual life.
The Modern Era
Today, Marietta is a city that cherishes its rich history while embracing modernity. The historic downtown area features well-preserved 19th-century architecture, boutique shops, and cultural attractions like the Peoples Bank Theatre. The city hosts numerous festivals and events that celebrate its heritage, including the Ohio River Sternwheel Festival and the Marietta Sweet Corn Festival, making it a vibrant community with a deep appreciation for its past and an eye towards the future.