Saaremaa Island: Estonia's Hidden Gem of Natural Beauty and History

• HelloTere
  [teh-reh]
• GoodbyeNägemist
  [nah-geh-mist]
• YesJah
  [yah]
• NoEi
  [ay]
• Please/You're welcomePalun
  [pah-loon]
• Thank youAitäh
  [eye-taah]
• Excuse me/SorryVabandust
  [vah-bahn-doost]
• How are you?Kuidas sul läheb?
  [kwee-dahs sool lay-heb]
• Fine. And you?Hästi. Ja sina?
  [haes-tee. yah see-nah]
• Do you speak English?Kas sa räägid inglise keelt?
  [kahs sah raah-ee-geed eeng-lee-seh kehlt]
• I don't understandMa ei saa aru
  [mah ay sah ah-roo]

• I'd like to see the menu, pleaseMa tahaksin menüüd näha, palun
  [mah tah-hahk-seen meh-nooood nah-hah, pah-loon]
• I don't eat meatMa ei söö liha
  [mah ay suh lhee-hah]
• Cheers!Terviseks!
  [ter-vee-seks]
• I would like to pay, pleaseMa tahaksin maksta, palun
  [mah tah-hahk-seen mahk-stah, pah-loon]

• Help!Appi!
  [ah-pee]
• Go away!Mine minema!
  [mee-neh mee-neh-mah]
• Call the Police!Helista politseisse!
  [heh-lee-stah poh-leet-say-say]
• Call a doctor!Helista arstile!
  [heh-lee-stah are-stee-leh]
• I'm lostMa olen eksinud
  [mah oh-lehn ehk-see-nooood]
• I'm illMa olen haige
  [mah oh-lehn hai-geh]

• I'd like to buy...Ma tahaksin osta...
  [mah tah-hahk-seen oos-tah]
• I'm just lookingMa vaatan ainult
  [mah vah-tahn aye-noolt]
• How much is it?Kui palju see maksab?
  [kwee pahl-yoo seh mahk-sahb]
• That's too expensiveSee on liiga kallis
  [seh ohn lee-gah kahl-lees]
• Can you lower the price?Kas saad hinda alandada?
  [kahs sahd hin-dah ahl-ahn-dah-dah]

• What time is it?Mis kell on?
  [mees kell ohn]
• It's one o'clockOn üks tund
  [ohn yks toond]
• Half past (10)Pool (10)
  [pool]
• MorningHommik
  [hohm-meek]
• AfternoonPärastlõuna
  [pah-rahst-loo-nah]
• EveningÕhtu
  [ooh-too]
• YesterdayEile
  [ay-leh]
• TodayTäna
  [tah-nah]
• TomorrowHomme
  [hoh-meh]
• 1Üks
  [oohks]
• 2Kaks
  [kahks]
• 3Kolm
  [kohlm]
• 4Neli
  [neh-lee]
• 5Viis
  [vees]
• 6Kuus
  [koos]
• 7Seitse
  [sayt-seh]
• 8Kaheksa
  [kah-heksah]
• 9Üheksa
  [ooh-heksah]
• 10Kümme
  [koom-meh]

• Where's a/the...?Kus on ...?
  [koos ohn]
• What's the address?Mis on aadress?
  [mees ohn ah-ah-dress]
• Can you show me (on the map)?Kas saad mulle näidata (kaardil)?
  [kahs sahd muh-leh nah-ee-tah dahrd-eel]
• When's the next (bus)?Millal on järgmine (buss)?
  [meel-lahl ohn yairg-mee-neh booss]
• A ticket (to ....)Pilet (....)
  [pee-leht]

Saaremaa, the largest island of Estonia, has been inhabited since the Neolithic era. Archaeological discoveries, such as the burial site at Kaali, indicate that the island was home to early human settlements as far back as 5000 BC. The meteoritic crater field in Kaali is one of Saaremaa’s most significant prehistoric landmarks, dating back to around 1530–1450 BC.

During the Viking Age, Saaremaa was known as 'Eysysla' and was a significant trading center due to its strategic location in the Baltic Sea. The islanders, known as Oeselians, were renowned for their seafaring skills and played a vital role in the Viking trade routes. Numerous Viking artifacts and ship burials have been discovered on the island, attesting to its importance during this period.

The medieval period saw the construction of many fortifications on Saaremaa, the most prominent being Kuressaare Castle. Built in the 13th century by the Teutonic Order, the castle served as a stronghold and administrative center. Today, it remains one of the best-preserved medieval castles in the Baltic region and houses the Saaremaa Museum, which offers insights into the island’s history.

In the 16th and 17th centuries, Saaremaa was a battleground for dominance between Denmark and Sweden. The island changed hands multiple times, with significant impacts on its cultural and political landscape. The Treaty of Brömsebro in 1645 marked the end of Danish rule and the beginning of a lengthy period under Swedish control, which lasted until the early 18th century.

Following the Great Northern War, Saaremaa became part of the Russian Empire in 1710. The island experienced a period of relative peace and development under Russian rule. The establishment of manor estates transformed the local economy and landscape. Many of these manorial buildings, such as Pädaste Manor and Loona Manor, have been restored and are now key attractions.

The 20th century brought significant upheaval to Saaremaa. During World War I, the island was occupied by the German Army. In World War II, it was again a strategic location, leading to occupations by both Soviet and Nazi forces. Post-war, Saaremaa became part of the Soviet Union, enduring decades of Soviet control until Estonia regained independence in 1991.

Since gaining independence, Saaremaa has experienced a cultural revival. Traditional customs, language, and crafts are actively preserved and celebrated. The island is known for its unique dialect, folklore, and events such as the Saaremaa Opera Days and the Saaremaa Rally. The rejuvenation of cultural sites and the promotion of eco-tourism have made Saaremaa a vibrant destination for visitors.

Saaremaa Island is accessible by both sea and air. The most common way to reach the island is by taking a ferry from the mainland port of Virtsu to Kuivastu on Muhu Island, which is connected to Saaremaa by a causeway. Ferries are frequent and the journey typically takes about 30 minutes. Alternatively, you can fly into Kuressaare Airport from Tallinn, with the flight taking just under an hour. During the summer months, there are also direct ferries from Riga, Latvia.

Once on Saaremaa Island, you can rent a car to explore the island at your own pace. Buses and taxis are available for getting around, but having your own vehicle offers the greatest flexibility. Bicycling is also a popular way to see the island, thanks to its relatively flat terrain and scenic routes. Public buses connect major towns and villages, but schedules can be infrequent.

The official currency in Estonia is the Euro (EUR). Credit and debit cards are widely accepted across the island, including in restaurants, shops, and hotels. ATMs are available in larger towns like Kuressaare, but it's a good idea to carry some cash, especially if you plan to visit more remote areas or smaller establishments where card payments may not be accepted.

Saaremaa Island is generally very safe for tourists. There are no specific areas with high crime rates targeting tourists. However, it's always wise to take standard precautions such as not leaving valuables unattended and being aware of your surroundings, especially in crowded areas. Petty theft can occur, so keep your belongings secure.

In case of an emergency, dial 112 for immediate assistance, which covers police, fire, and medical services. The main hospital is located in Kuressaare, offering a range of medical services. Pharmacies are also available in larger towns. Make sure you have travel insurance that covers medical emergencies and keep the contact information for your embassy or consulate handy.

Fashion: Do dress in layers as the weather can be unpredictable. Avoid overly casual clothing when dining in finer restaurants. Religion: Do respect local customs, especially when visiting churches and religious sites. Public Transport: Do be polite and offer your seat to elderly passengers. Don’t talk loudly or disturb other passengers. Greetings: Do greet people with a friendly 'Tere' (hello in Estonian). A firm handshake is also common. Eating & Drinking: Do try local dishes such as Saaremaa smoked fish and black bread. Don’t refuse food offers as it may be seen as impolite. Always wait to be seated by the host in formal dining settings.

To experience Saaremaa like a local, visit the local markets where you can buy fresh produce and traditional crafts. Engage with the locals, who are often friendly and eager to share their knowledge about the island’s history and culture. Don’t miss the Kaali Meteorite Crater and the historic Kuressaare Castle. For a unique experience, visit the Angla Windmill Hill and the Panga Cliff for breathtaking views. Also, consider attending local festivals and events to immerse yourself in the island's culture.