The Pink City of Southern France

• HelloBonjour
  [bohn-zhoor]
• GoodbyeAu revoir
  [oh ruh-vwahr]
• YesOui
  [wee]
• NoNon
  [nohn]
• Please/You're welcomeS'il vous plaît/De rien
  [seel voo pleh/duh ryen]
• Thank youMerci
  [mehr-see]
• Excuse me/SorryExcusez-moi/Désolé
  [ehk-skyoo-zay mwah/day-zoh-lay]
• How are you?Comment ça va?
  [koh-mohn sah vah]
• Fine. And you?Bien. Et toi?
  [byen. ay twah]
• Do you speak English?Parlez-vous anglais?
  [par-lay voo ahn-glay]
• I don't understandJe ne comprends pas
  [zhuh nuh kohm-prahnd pah]

• I'd like to see the menu, pleaseJe voudrais voir la carte, s'il vous plaît
  [zhuh voo-dray vwahr lah kart, seel voo pleh]
• I don't eat meatJe ne mange pas de viande
  [zhuh nuh mahnj pah duh vyand]
• Cheers!Santé!
  [sahn-tay]
• I would like to pay, pleaseJe voudrais payer, s'il vous plaît
  [zhuh voo-dray pay-ay, seel voo pleh]

• Help!Au secours!
  [oh seh-koor]
• Go away!Allez-vous en!
  [ah-lay voo zahn]
• Call the Police!Appelez la police!
  [ah-puh-lay lah poh-lees]
• Call a doctor!Appelez un médecin!
  [ah-puh-lay uh may-duh-sahn]
• I'm lostJe suis perdu
  [zhuh swee pair-doo]
• I'm illJe suis malade
  [zhuh swee mah-lahd]

• I'd like to buy...Je voudrais acheter...
  [zhuh voo-dray ah-shet-ay]
• I'm just lookingJe regarde juste
  [zhuh ruh-gard zhust]
• How much is it?Combien ça coûte?
  [kohm-byen sah koot]
• That's too expensiveC'est trop cher
  [say troh shair]
• Can you lower the price?Pouvez-vous baisser le prix?
  [poo-vay voo bay-say luh pree]

• What time is it?Quelle heure est-il?
  [kell er ay-teel]
• It's one o'clockIl est une heure
  [eel ay oon er]
• Half past (10)Dix heures et demie
  [dees er ay duh-mee]
• MorningMatin
  [mah-tahn]
• AfternoonAprès-midi
  [ah-pray-mee-dee]
• EveningSoir
  [swahr]
• YesterdayHier
  [yehr]
• TodayAujourd'hui
  [oh-zhoor-dwee]
• TomorrowDemain
  [duh-mahn]
• 1Un
  [uhn]
• 2Deux
  [duh]
• 3Trois
  [twah]
• 4Quatre
  [kat]
• 5Cinq
  [sank]
• 6Six
  [sees]
• 7Sept
  [set]
• 8Huit
  [wheat]
• 9Neuf
  [nurf]
• 10Dix
  [dees]

• Where's a/the...?Où est...?
  [oo est]
• What's the address?Quelle est l'adresse?
  [kell ay lah-dress]
• Can you show me (on the map)?Pouvez-vous me montrer (sur la carte)?
  [poo-vay voo muh mohn-tray (sir lah kart)]
• When's the next (bus)?Quand est le prochain (bus)?
  [kahn ay luh proh-shahn (boos)]
• A ticket (to ....)Un billet (pour ....)
  [uhn bee-yay (poor)]

Toulouse, known in ancient times as Tolosa, has roots that reach back to at least the 2nd century BC. Originally a settlement of the Volcae Tectosages, a Gallic tribe, it was conquered by the Romans in 106 BC. The Romans established it as a prosperous city and a key hub on the Via Aquitania, a major Roman road connecting the Mediterranean to the Atlantic.

In the 5th century, Toulouse became the capital of the Visigothic Kingdom under King Theodoric I. The city witnessed the pivotal Battle of Toulouse in 439 AD, where the Visigoths defended their territory against the Romans. The Visigothic rule left a lasting imprint on the city, particularly in its early Christian architecture.

During the medieval period, Toulouse flourished as a center of commerce and culture. The establishment of the County of Toulouse in the 8th century marked the beginning of its rise in prominence. The city's strategic location by the Garonne River facilitated trade and made it a melting pot of cultures and ideas. The construction of the Basilica of Saint-Sernin, one of the largest Romanesque buildings in Europe, began in the 11th century, symbolizing the city's religious and architectural significance.

The early 13th century marked a tumultuous period for Toulouse with the Albigensian Crusade. The city was a stronghold of the Cathars, a Christian dualist movement considered heretical by the Catholic Church. The crusade, initiated by Pope Innocent III, led to the Siege of Toulouse in 1218. Despite the resistance, the crusade significantly weakened the city's autonomy and led to its integration into the Kingdom of France.

Toulouse experienced a cultural revival during the Renaissance. It became a center of humanism and learning, with the establishment of the University of Toulouse in 1229. The city's architecture flourished, and many of its iconic red-brick buildings, earning it the nickname 'La Ville Rose' (The Pink City), were constructed during this period. The 17th and 18th centuries saw further advancement in sciences and arts, making Toulouse an intellectual hotspot.

The French Revolution brought significant changes to Toulouse, as it did to the rest of France. The city's institutions were restructured, and it became a part of the Haute-Garonne department. The 19th century ushered in the industrial era, transforming Toulouse into a modern city. The introduction of railways and the development of the aerospace industry in the early 20th century marked a new chapter in its economic growth.

Today, Toulouse is known as the European aerospace capital, home to the headquarters of Airbus and numerous research and development centers. Its rich history is reflected in its diverse architecture, from ancient Roman remnants to contemporary structures. The city's vibrant cultural scene, university life, and annual events such as the Toulouse International Art Festival continue to attract visitors from around the world.

Toulouse is well-connected by air, road, and rail. The nearest airport is Toulouse-Blagnac Airport, located around 7 kilometers from the city center, with regular flights from major cities across Europe and beyond. From the airport, you can take a taxi, a shuttle bus, or the tram (Line T2) to reach the city center. Toulouse is also accessible by high-speed trains (TGV) from Paris, Lyon, Bordeaux, and other French cities. Additionally, several major highways connect Toulouse to other parts of France and Spain.

Toulouse has an efficient public transportation system managed by Tisséo, including buses, trams, and a metro system with two lines (A and B). Tickets can be purchased at stations, kiosks, or via the Tisséo app. For shorter distances, walking and cycling are popular options, with numerous bike rental stations (VélôToulouse) available throughout the city. Taxis and ride-sharing services like Uber are also available. Renting a car is an option, but parking can be challenging in the city center.

The official currency in Toulouse is the Euro (€). Credit and debit cards are widely accepted in hotels, restaurants, and shops. However, it is advisable to carry some cash for smaller establishments, markets, and tipping. ATMs are readily available throughout the city for cash withdrawals. Contactless payments and mobile payment options like Apple Pay and Google Wallet are also becoming increasingly common.

Toulouse is generally a safe city, but it is always wise to take standard precautions. Avoid walking alone at night in poorly lit or unfamiliar areas. Be cautious in crowded places such as markets and public transport to avoid pickpocketing. Areas like the Matabiau train station and parts of the Arnaud-Bernard neighborhood have higher instances of petty crimes targeting tourists. Always keep an eye on your belongings and be aware of your surroundings.

In case of emergency, dial 112 for immediate assistance, which connects you to emergency services including police, medical, and fire services. For non-urgent police matters, you can contact the local police station. Major hospitals such as the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Toulouse provide medical services, and there are numerous pharmacies throughout the city for minor health issues. It is advisable to have travel insurance that covers medical emergencies.

Fashion: Do dress smartly, especially when dining out or visiting cultural sites. Avoid overly casual or revealing clothing. Religion: Do respect local religious customs. When visiting churches, dress modestly and avoid loud behavior. Public Transport: Do validate your ticket before boarding and keep it until you disembark. Don't eat or drink on public transport. Greetings: Do greet people with a 'Bonjour' (Good day) and a handshake. Don't be overly familiar with strangers. Eating & Drinking: Do try local specialties and be open to new dishes. Don't leave large tips; a small gratuity is sufficient as service is usually included.

To experience Toulouse like a local, visit the local markets like Marché Victor Hugo for fresh produce and regional specialties. Enjoy a leisurely stroll along the Garonne River or through the historic Saint-Cyprien district. Engage with locals at cafes and bars, and don't miss a rugby match at the Stade Ernest-Wallon. For a unique experience, take a boat cruise on the Canal du Midi, a UNESCO World Heritage site. Lastly, explore the vibrant cultural scene, including the numerous festivals, art galleries, and live music venues.