Travel Guide to Askja Caldera

• HelloHalló
  [HAH-loh]
• GoodbyeBless
  [bless]
• YesJá
  [yah]
• NoNei
  [nay]
• Please/You're welcomeVinsamlegast
  [VIN-sam-leh-gahst]
• Thank youTakk
  [tahk]
• Excuse me/SorryAfsakið
  [AV-sah-kith]
• How are you?Hvað segir þú?
  [kvath sair thoo]
• Fine. And you?Í lagi. En þú?
  [ee LAH-gi. en thoo]
• Do you speak English?Talarðu ensku?
  [TAH-lar-thoo ENS-koo]
• I don't understandÉg skil ekki
  [yeh skil EHK-ki]

• I'd like to see the menu, pleaseÉg væri með að sjá matseðilinn, takk
  [yeh VAI-ri meth ath shauh MAT-se-thil-in, tahk]
• I don't eat meatÉg borða ekki kjöt
  [yeh BOR-tha EHK-ki chyut]
• Cheers!Skál!
  [skowl]
• I would like to pay, pleaseÉg myndi vilja greiða, takk
  [yeh MUN-di VIL-ya gray-tha, tahk]

• Help!Hjálp!
  [hyowlp]
• Go away!Farðu í burtu!
  [far-thoo ih BUHR-too]
• Call the Police!Hringðu í lögregluna!
  [hring-thoo ih LOH-greh-gluna]
• Call a doctor!Hringðu í lækninn!
  [hring-thoo ih LAYK-nin]
• I'm lostÉg er týndur
  [yeh air TEE-nthur]
• I'm illÉg er veikur
  [yeh air VAY-kur]

• I'd like to buy...Ég væri með að kaupa...
  [yeh VAI-ri meth ath KOY-pa...]
• I'm just lookingÉg er bara að skoða
  [yeh air BA-ra ath SKOTH-a]
• How much is it?Hvað kostar það?
  [kvath KOS-tar thah]
• That's too expensiveÞað er of dýrt
  [thath air ohv DEERT]
• Can you lower the price?Geturðu lækkað verðið?
  [GETH-ur-thoo lye-KA-th vair-thith]

• What time is it?Hvað er klukkan?
  [kvath air KLOO-kahn]
• It's one o'clockKlukkan er eitt
  [KLOO-kahn air aytt]
• Half past (10)Hálf tíu
  [howlf tee-oo]
• MorningMorgunn
  [mor-gunn]
• AfternoonSíðdegis
  [seed-the-gis]
• EveningKvöld
  [kvold]
• YesterdayÍ gær
  [ee gire]
• TodayÍ dag
  [ee dahg]
• TomorrowÁ morgun
  [ow mor-gun]
• 1Einn
  [aytn]
• 2Tveir
  [tvayr]
• 3Þrír
  [threer]
• 4Fjórir
  [fyoh-reer]
• 5Fimm
  [feem]
• 6Sex
  [sehx]
• 7Sjö
  [syoh]
• 8Átta
  [owt-tah]
• 9Níu
  [nee-oo]
• 10Tíu
  [tee-oo]

• Where's a/the...?Hvar er...
  [kvar air]
• What's the address?Hvað er heimilisfangið?
  [kvath air HAY-mil-is-fang-ith]
• Can you show me (on the map)?Geturðu sýnt mér (á kortinu)?
  [GETH-ur-thoo seent mair (ow KOR-ti-nu)]
• When's the next (bus)?Hvenær kemur næsta (strætisvagn)?
  [kven-ayr kem-ur nay-sta (stray-tis-vagn)]
• A ticket (to ....)Einn miða (til ...)
  [aytn MEE-tha (teel)]

Askja Caldera, located in the central highlands of Iceland, is part of the larger Dyngjufjöll volcanic system. It was formed during a series of volcanic eruptions, with the most significant event occurring around 10,000 years ago. This caldera is an important site for geologists due to its unique volcanic activity and the presence of several striking lava fields and geothermal features.

One of the most notable historical events in the history of Askja Caldera is the massive eruption that took place in 1875. This eruption had a profound impact on the surrounding landscape and communities, resulting in ash fall that reached as far as mainland Europe. The eruption significantly altered the geography of the caldera, creating the famous crater lake known as Öskjuvatn.

Post-eruption, the caldera filled with water to form Lake Öskjuvatn, one of the deepest lakes in Iceland. Nearby, the smaller but equally intriguing Víti crater also filled with geothermal water. Víti, meaning 'Hell' in Icelandic, is a popular spot for visitors due to its dramatic scenery and the opportunity to take a dip in the warm, mineral-rich waters.

Askja has been a focal point for scientific research since the late 19th century. Early expeditions, such as those led by German geologist Hans Reck in the early 20th century, provided valuable insights into the volcanic activity and geological formations of the area. These studies have continued into the modern era, with ongoing research helping to better understand volcanic processes and predict future eruptions.

Askja Caldera has captured the imagination of many, featuring in various works of literature and film. Notably, it served as a training ground for NASA astronauts preparing for the Apollo moon missions in the 1960s due to its otherworldly landscape. The caldera's dramatic scenery has also made it a popular location for filming scenes in movies and TV series.

In Icelandic folklore, Askja holds a special place, often associated with tales of trolls and other mythical creatures believed to inhabit the rugged highlands. The name 'Askja' itself is derived from the Icelandic word for 'box' or 'caldera', reflecting the natural formation’s shape and the stories that have been passed down through generations about this mystical landscape.

Askja Caldera is located in the central highlands of Iceland. The nearest major town is Akureyri, which has a regional airport with flights from Reykjavik. From Akureyri, you can rent a 4x4 vehicle, which is necessary for traversing the rugged terrain to reach Askja. The journey by road takes approximately 8-10 hours and involves navigating through F-roads, which are unpaved and require a vehicle with high ground clearance.

Given the remote location of Askja Caldera, the primary mode of transportation is by 4x4 vehicle. There are no public transport options directly to Askja, so renting a suitable vehicle is essential. Guided tours are available and are a convenient option for those unfamiliar with driving in Icelandic highlands. Ensure your vehicle is well-equipped for off-road conditions, including spare tires and a GPS device.

The official currency in Iceland is the Icelandic Krona (ISK). Credit and debit cards are widely accepted, even in remote areas. However, it is advisable to carry some cash, especially for smaller establishments or in case of technical issues with card payments. ATMs are available in towns like Akureyri, so withdraw sufficient cash before heading to Askja.

Askja Caldera is generally safe, but its remote location and harsh environment require caution. There are no high-crime areas targeting tourists, but the primary risks involve weather changes and volcanic activity. Always check weather forecasts and road conditions before setting out. Inform someone of your travel plans and expected return time. Carry a well-stocked emergency kit, including food, water, and warm clothing.

In case of an emergency, dial 112 for rescue services. Mobile phone coverage can be sporadic, so consider carrying a satellite phone. Familiarize yourself with the nearest emergency shelters and ranger stations. It is recommended to have comprehensive travel insurance that covers medical emergencies and evacuation. For minor injuries, a first aid kit is essential.

Fashion: Do wear layered, weather-appropriate clothing, including waterproof outerwear and sturdy hiking boots. Don't wear cotton clothing, as it retains moisture and can lead to hypothermia. Religion: There are no specific religious customs to follow, but always respect local beliefs and practices. Public Transport: Public transport to Askja is non-existent. Guided tours are the alternative. Greetings: Standard greetings are a simple 'hello' or 'hi'. Icelanders are friendly but reserved. Eating & Drinking: Do try local foods such as skyr and lamb. Don't litter; always carry out what you bring in.

To experience Askja like a local, consider visiting during the shoulder seasons (late spring or early autumn) when there are fewer tourists. Engage with local guides who can offer deep insights into the geology and history of the area. Pack a picnic and enjoy it by the serene Lake Öskjuvatn. Always leave nature as you found it, adhering to the principle of 'Leave No Trace'.