Turkestan: The Heart of Kazakhstan's Spiritual Heritage
Discover Turkestan, Kazakhstan's spiritual capital, home to the awe-inspiring Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi and a vibrant hub of culture and tradition.
Turkestan, a city in southern Kazakhstan, is a treasure trove of history and culture. It is often referred to as the spiritual capital of Kazakhstan. Steeped in centuries-old traditions and home to some of the country's most significant historical landmarks, Turkestan offers a unique glimpse into the past. One of the city's most famous sites is the Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi. This UNESCO World Heritage site is a stunning example of Timurid architecture and attracts thousands of visitors each year. The mausoleum, built in the 14th century, is a pilgrimage site for many Muslims and a symbol of Kazakhstan's rich cultural heritage. Turkestan is not just about historical monuments. The city is also a vibrant hub of local culture and traditions. Visitors can explore bustling bazaars, sample delicious Kazakh cuisine, and experience the warmth and hospitality of the local people. The city's location at the crossroads of ancient trade routes adds to its charm, making it a must-visit destination for history buffs and cultural enthusiasts alike.
Local tips in Turkestan
- Visit the Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi early in the morning to avoid crowds and experience a serene atmosphere.
- Explore the local bazaars for unique souvenirs and a taste of authentic Kazakh cuisine.
- Respect local customs and traditions, especially when visiting religious sites.
- Hire a local guide to learn more about the rich history and significance of Turkestan's landmarks.
- Try to visit during the spring or autumn for the best weather conditions.
Turkestan: The Heart of Kazakhstan's Spiritual Heritage
Turkestan, a city in southern Kazakhstan, is a treasure trove of history and culture. It is often referred to as the spiritual capital of Kazakhstan. Steeped in centuries-old traditions and home to some of the country's most significant historical landmarks, Turkestan offers a unique glimpse into the past. One of the city's most famous sites is the Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi. This UNESCO World Heritage site is a stunning example of Timurid architecture and attracts thousands of visitors each year. The mausoleum, built in the 14th century, is a pilgrimage site for many Muslims and a symbol of Kazakhstan's rich cultural heritage. Turkestan is not just about historical monuments. The city is also a vibrant hub of local culture and traditions. Visitors can explore bustling bazaars, sample delicious Kazakh cuisine, and experience the warmth and hospitality of the local people. The city's location at the crossroads of ancient trade routes adds to its charm, making it a must-visit destination for history buffs and cultural enthusiasts alike.
When is the best time to go to Turkestan?
Iconic landmarks you can’t miss
Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi
Explore the Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi, an architectural masterpiece and spiritual sanctuary in Turkistan, Kazakhstan, rich in history and beauty.
Arystanbab Mausoleum
Explore the Arystanbab Mausoleum, a cultural treasure in Kazakhstan showcasing stunning architecture and deep historical significance.
Karavan Saray
Explore the enchanting historic charm of Karavan Saray, a key landmark on the Silk Road, and delve into Kazakhstan's rich cultural heritage.
Turkistan City Fortress
Explore the rich history and stunning architecture of Turkistan City Fortress, a must-see destination in Kazakhstan that reflects the region's cultural heritage.
Tamgaly-Tas
Explore Tamgaly-Tas, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Kazakhstan, where ancient petroglyphs meet breathtaking landscapes in a journey through history.
Mausoleum of Gauhar Ana
Explore the Mausoleum of Gauhar Ana in Turkistan, a stunning shrine combining intricate architecture with profound historical significance, perfect for cultural enthusiasts.
Ukasha Ata
Explore Ukasha Ata, a spiritual haven in Turkistan, Kazakhstan, renowned for its stunning architecture and rich cultural heritage.
Aziret Sultan Reserve-Museum
Explore Kazakhstan's rich history and culture at the Aziret Sultan Reserve-Museum in Turkistan, a captivating destination for every traveler.
Hammam
Discover the historical beauty of Hammam in Turkistan, a serene escape into an ancient world filled with rich culture and stunning architecture.
Underground Mosque
Explore the Underground Mosque in Turkistan, a unique historical landmark showcasing Kazakhstan's architectural beauty and deep spiritual heritage.
Mausoleum of Rabia Sultan Begum
Explore the architectural splendor and historical significance of the Mausoleum of Rabia Sultan Begum in Turkistan, a serene monument to Kazakhstan's rich heritage.
Uly Dala Eli Ortalygy
Discover the heart of Kazakhstan's culture at Uly Dala Eli Ortalygy, a modern heritage museum in Turkistan offering immersive exhibits and cultural experiences.
Ancient mosque
Discover the Ancient Mosque in Turkistan, a breathtaking historical landmark reflecting Kazakhstan's rich Islamic heritage and stunning architectural beauty.
Visit Turkistan
Discover the historical treasures of Turkistan, a UNESCO World Heritage site and a spiritual hub in Kazakhstan that captures the essence of Central Asia.
Tsentral'naya Ploshchad' Turkestana
Discover Tsentral'naya Ploshchad' Turkestana, a peaceful park in Turkistan, perfect for relaxation, cultural experiences, and enjoying nature's beauty.
Unmissable attractions to see
Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi
Explore the stunning Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi in Turkistan, a UNESCO World Heritage Site rich in history and architectural beauty.
Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi
Discover the breathtaking Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi, a UNESCO World Heritage site in Turkistan, rich in history and architectural beauty.
Arystanbab Mausoleum
Explore the Arystanbab Mausoleum, a stunning blend of history and spirituality in the heart of Kazakhstan, perfect for enriching your travel experience.
Karavan Saray
Experience the rich history and architectural beauty of Karavan Saray, a must-visit historical landmark in Turkistan, Central Asia.
Turkistan City Fortress
Discover the historic Turkistan City Fortress, a captivating symbol of Kazakhstan's rich heritage and architectural brilliance.
Tamgaly-Tas
Discover the ancient rock carvings of Tamgaly-Tas, a UNESCO World Heritage site in Kazakhstan, where history and nature converge.
Mausoleum of Gauhar Ana
Discover the Mausoleum of Gauhar Ana, a stunning architectural wonder and spiritual shrine in Turkistan, showcasing rich history and cultural heritage.
Turkestan Arena
Discover the thrill of live sports and cultural events at Turkestan Arena, a premier destination in Turkistan, Kazakhstan.
Ukasha Ata
Discover the spiritual heritage of Kazakhstan at Ukasha Ata, a revered mausoleum in Turkistan, where history, culture, and tranquility converge.
Turkmenbashy Ruhy Mosque
Discover the Turkmenbashy Ruhy Mosque, a majestic symbol of faith and architecture in Ashgabat, Turkmenistan, reflecting the nation's rich cultural heritage.
Aziret Sultan Reserve-Museum
Explore the Aziret Sultan Reserve-Museum in Turkistan, a captivating journey through Kazakhstan's rich history and cultural heritage.
Hammam
Discover the historical Hammam in Turkistan, a serene retreat showcasing traditional Kazakh bathing culture and stunning architecture.
Underground Mosque
Explore the Underground Mosque in Turkistan, a hidden gem showcasing intricate architecture and deep spiritual history in Kazakhstan's cultural heart.
Mausoleum of Rabia Sultan Begum
Explore the awe-inspiring Mausoleum of Rabia Sultan Begum, a 15th-century architectural gem in Turkistan that reflects Kazakhstan's rich heritage.
Uly Dala Eli Ortalygy
Discover Kazakhstan's heritage at Uly Dala Eli Ortalygy, a modern museum in Turkistan showcasing the country's rich culture and history.
Essential places to dine
Keruyen Saray
Discover authentic Kazakh cuisine at Keruyen Saray in Turkistan - where tradition meets modern dining excellence.
Ұлы Тау Мейрамханасы
Experience authentic Kazakh cuisine at Ұлы Тау Мейрамханасы in Turkistan – where tradition meets taste.
Яссауи
Discover authentic Asian cuisine at Яссауи in Turkistan – where every dish tells a story and flavor reigns supreme.
Шыңғыстау Салтанат Сарайы
Discover the flavors of Kazakhstan at Шыңғыстау Салтанат Сарайы – where tradition meets modern dining in Turkistan.
Yerke Toykhana
Discover authentic Kazakh cuisine at Yerke Toykhana in Turkistan – where tradition meets taste in a warm and welcoming setting.
Saryarka Meyramkhanasy
Experience authentic Kazakh cuisine at Saryarka Meyramkhanasy in Turkistan – where tradition meets taste in every delightful dish.
Antalya Cafe Restaurant
Experience the best of Turkish cuisine at Antalya Cafe Restaurant in Turkistan - where flavors come alive and every meal tells a story.
Daily Food
Experience the vibrant culinary scene at Daily Food in Turkistan with delectable local and international dishes in a cozy setting.
SAT Family RESTAURANT
Experience authentic Kazakh flavors at SAT Family Restaurant in Turkistan – perfect for families and tourists seeking a taste of local cuisine.
SKY restaurant
Discover culinary excellence at SKY Restaurant in Turkistan—where exquisite flavors meet breathtaking views.
restaurant_zoloto
Discover culinary excellence at Zoloto in Turkistan – where tradition meets luxury in every bite.
Шаңырақ қымызхана
Savor the flavors of Kazakhstan at Шаңырақ қымызхана, where tradition meets taste in every dish.
Sandyq Restaurant
Discover authentic Kazakh flavors at Sandyq Restaurant in Turkistan - where tradition meets taste in every dish.
Al-fatih
Discover Al-Fatih in Turkistan: A delightful fusion of local and international flavors in a warm and inviting atmosphere.
Kaspiyskiy Karavan Saray
Discover delicious barbecue at Kaspiyskiy Karavan Saray in Turkistan – where tradition meets flavor in every bite!
Markets, malls and hidden boutiques
Supermarket Dastarkhan
Explore the vibrant flavors and diverse products at Supermarket Dastarkhan in Turkistan, your gateway to local culture and cuisine.
Жантөре
Discover the perfect blend of local culture and modern shopping at Жантөре, Turkistan's vibrant shopping destination.
Anime Shop Turkestan
Explore Anime Shop Turkestan – A treasure trove of anime collectibles and gifts in the heart of Turkistan, perfect for fans and souvenir hunters.
ALLADIN
Explore Alladin in Turkistan for an authentic shopping experience filled with local crafts, unique gifts, and cultural treasures.
Barno_brand
Discover authentic handmade crafts and local treasures at Barno Brand, a unique shopping destination in Turkistan, Kazakhstan.
Kunduz
Explore Kunduz in Turkistan: Your gateway to authentic local goods and cultural treasures.
Көркем
Experience the charm of Turkistan at Korkem, where local craftsmanship meets unforgettable shopping.
Shokparly
Explore Shokparly in Turkistan for a unique shopping experience that showcases local culture and craftsmanship with every item.
Magazin Musul'manskikh Tovarov
Explore the vibrant gift shop in Turkistan, featuring unique Islamic artifacts and local crafts perfect for souvenirs.
Ayannyn Tarsht Yetetyn Zhery
Discover unique Kazakh handicrafts at Ayannyn Tarsht Yetetyn Zhery in Turkistan, where culture and craftsmanship come together.
Karavan
Explore the vibrant cultural essence of Turkistan at Karavan, where unique handicrafts and local treasures await every traveler.
Kenesary
Discover the heart of Turkistan at Kenesary, where shopping meets local culture in a vibrant and welcoming atmosphere.
Parfumeshop
Explore the enchanting world of fragrances at Parfumeshop in Turkistan, where luxury meets local artistry in every bottle.
Жібетін жері
Discover Жібетін жері, Turkistan's top shopping mall, where culture meets retail in a vibrant and welcoming atmosphere.
Alpamys
Discover the essence of Kazakh culture through unique handcrafted goods at Alpamys in Turkistan.
Essential bars & hidden hideouts
Olimp Sport Bar
Experience the thrill of betting and sports at Olimp Sport Bar, Turkistan's vibrant off-track betting destination.
МятаLounge Turkistan
Discover the lively atmosphere and unique cocktails at МятаLounge Turkistan, the perfect spot for relaxation and socializing in the heart of the city.
Smoke Bar
Experience the vibrant nightlife of Turkistan at Smoke Bar, where a lively atmosphere meets an eclectic drink selection.
Kal'yan Bar
Discover the vibrant nightlife at Kal'yan Bar in Turkistan, where exceptional cocktails meet a welcoming atmosphere for an unforgettable experience.
Smoke bar
Experience the vibrant nightlife of Turkistan at Smoke Bar, where exceptional drinks and a lively atmosphere await.
Hugga Bar
Experience the relaxing vibe and cultural richness of Turkistan at Hugga Bar, the premier hookah destination for locals and tourists alike.
Gold restaurants
Experience the pinnacle of dining at Gold Restaurants in Turkistan, where exquisite cuisine and luxurious ambiance unite for an unforgettable evening.
Arbat
Discover the vibrant nightlife at Arbat, a lively bar in Turkistan offering a rich menu of drinks and a welcoming atmosphere for all.
Zhibek Zholy Kafe
Discover the perfect blend of local culture and modern vibes at Zhibek Zholy Kafe in Turkistan, your go-to bar for refreshing drinks and good company.
Panorama Bar
Discover the vibrant dining experience at Panorama Bar in Turkistan, where local flavors meet a lively atmosphere for an unforgettable culinary adventure.
Ақтілек
Discover the cozy ambiance and diverse drink offerings at Ақтілек, a charming bar in Karatobe perfect for tourists looking to relax and enjoy local culture.
Маргонын ішетін жері
Experience the vibrant local culture at Маргонын ішетін жері, a charming bar in Saudakent offering delightful drinks and a welcoming atmosphere.
Altyn Bar
Explore Altyn Bar in Turkistan for authentic Kazakh souvenirs and gifts that embody the spirit of Kazakhstan's rich cultural heritage.
SANSARA LOUNGE BAR
Experience the vibrant nightlife of Turkistan at Sansara Lounge Bar, a perfect blend of local hospitality and modern charm.
iliyac.me Palas
Experience the lively nightlife at iliyac.me Palas, a vibrant bar in Turkistan offering a blend of local culture and modern ambiance.
Local Phrases
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- HelloСәлем
[Salem] - GoodbyeҚош келдіңіз
[Qoş keldiniz] - YesИя
[Iya] - NoЖоқ
[Joq] - Please/You're welcomeРахмет
[Rakhmet] - Thank youРахмет сізге
[Rakhmet sizge] - Excuse me/SorryКешіріңіз
[Keshiringiz] - How are you?Қалайсыз ба?
[Qalaisyz ba?] - Fine. And you?Жақсым. Сіздің жағдайыңыз қалай?
[Jaqsym. Sizdiń jağdaiyynyz qalai?] - Do you speak English?Сіз ағылшынша сөйлейсіз бе?
[Siz ağılşınşa söylesiz be?] - I don't understandМен түсінбеймін
[Men tüsinbeymin]
- HelloСәлем
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- I'd like to see the menu, pleaseМенюді көруге болады маған, рахмет
[Menyudi köruge bolady mağan, rakhmet] - I don't eat meatМен тамақ қазық жемемін
[Men tamaq qazıq jememin] - Cheers!Сау болыңыз!
[Saw bolıńız!] - I would like to pay, pleaseТөлеуге болады маған, рахмет
[Töleuge bolady mağan, rakhmet]
- I'd like to see the menu, pleaseМенюді көруге болады маған, рахмет
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- Help!Көмек!
[Kömek!] - Go away!Ауырсың!
[Awırsıń!] - Call the Police!Полицияға қоңырау шақырыңыз!
[Politsiıağa qońırau şaqırıńız!] - Call a doctor!Докторға қоңырау шақырыңыз!
[Doktorğa qońırau şaqırıńız!] - I'm lostМен абзалым
[Men abzalım] - I'm illМен аурулым
[Men awrulım]
- Help!Көмек!
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- I'd like to buy...Сатып алуға болады маған...
[Satıp aluga bolady mağan...] - I'm just lookingТек көріп тұрмын
[Tek körip tурмын] - How much is it?Ол канша болады?
[Ol qansha bolady?] - That's too expensiveОл тым де арзан
[Ol tım de arzan] - Can you lower the price?Бағаны төмендеуге болады ма?
[Bağany tömendeuge bolady ma?]
- I'd like to buy...Сатып алуға болады маған...
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- What time is it?Қандай уақыт?
[Qanday waqıt?] - It's one o'clockБір жеткізді
[Bir jetkizdi] - Half past (10)Он бесіктен алтыға
[On besikten altığa] - MorningТаң
[Tań] - AfternoonКеш
[Keş] - EveningКеш
[Keş] - YesterdayКеше
[Keşe] - TodayБүгін
[Bügin] - TomorrowЕртең
[Erteñ] - 1Бір
[Bir] - 2Екі
[Eki] - 3Үш
[Üsh] - 4Төрт
[Tört] - 5Бес
[Bes] - 6Алты
[Altı] - 7Жеті
[Jeti] - 8Сегіз
[Segiz] - 9Тоғыз
[Toğız] - 10Он
[On]
- What time is it?Қандай уақыт?
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- Where's a/the...?... қайда?
[... Qayda?] - What's the address?Мекенжайы қандай?
[Mekenjayı qanday?] - Can you show me (on the map)?Карта/картада көрсетсеңіз бе?
[Karta/kartada körsetsengiz be?] - When's the next (bus)?Келесі (автобус) кезінде кейін
[Kelesi (avtobus) kezinde keyin] - A ticket (to ....)Билет (... -ге)
[Bilet (... -ge)]
- Where's a/the...?... қайда?
History of Turkestan
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Turkestan, known as Yassy in ancient times, has roots stretching back to the 4th century AD. It was a significant settlement along the Silk Road, serving as a hub of commercial and cultural exchange between the East and West. The city's strategic location made it a melting pot of various cultures and traditions.
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In the 12th century, Turkestan became the epicenter of Yasawi Sufism, a mystical Islamic belief system. This rise was largely due to the influence of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi, a renowned Sufi poet and philosopher. His spiritual teachings and poetry attracted followers from across Central Asia, establishing Turkestan as a major religious center.
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Commissioned by Timur (Tamerlane) in the 14th century, the grand Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi is Turkestan's most iconic landmark. This architectural marvel stands as a testament to Timurid architecture, featuring intricate tile work, massive domes, and expansive courtyards. It remains a major pilgrimage site for Muslims in Central Asia.
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The Timurid Empire, under the leadership of Timur, left a significant mark on Turkestan. Timur's patronage of the arts and architecture led to the city's flourishing as a cultural hub. The period saw the construction of numerous madrasas, caravanserais, and public baths, enhancing the city's status and infrastructure.
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During the 16th to 18th centuries, Turkestan was a key city within the Kazakh Khanate. It served as the political and spiritual capital, where Kazakh khans were crowned and buried. The city's strategic importance continued to grow, and it became a center of resistance against various invading forces.
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In the late 19th century, Turkestan fell under Russian control as part of the Russian Empire's expansion into Central Asia. The city saw the introduction of new administrative and infrastructural developments. However, Russian rule also led to significant cultural and social changes, impacting the traditional way of life.
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Under Soviet rule, Turkestan underwent considerable transformation. The Soviet authorities implemented industrialization and collectivization policies, altering the city's economic landscape. Despite these changes, efforts were made to preserve Turkestan's historical and cultural heritage, including the restoration of the Yasawi Mausoleum.
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Following Kazakhstan's independence in 1991, Turkestan experienced a cultural and historical revival. The government undertook significant restoration projects to preserve the city's ancient sites and promote its heritage. Turkestan was declared a city of national significance, further boosting tourism and international interest.
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Today, Turkestan is a vibrant blend of ancient traditions and modern developments. It continues to attract pilgrims, historians, and tourists from around the world. The city's ongoing efforts to balance preservation with progress make it a unique destination, reflecting the rich tapestry of its historical and cultural legacy.
Turkestan Essentials
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Turkestan is accessible via several routes. The nearest international airport is Shymkent International Airport, approximately 160 kilometers away. From Shymkent, you can take a taxi, a shared minibus (marshrutka), or a train to Turkestan. The journey by road typically takes around 2 to 3 hours. Alternatively, there are direct train services from major Kazakh cities like Almaty and Nur-Sultan, which offer a scenic route through the Kazakh steppe.
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Turkestan is a relatively small city, and many of its attractions are within walking distance. Local taxis are readily available and inexpensive, making them a convenient option for getting around the city. Public buses and marshrutkas operate within Turkestan and connect with nearby areas. Renting a car is also an option, especially if you plan to explore the surrounding regions at your own pace.
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The official currency in Kazakhstan is the Kazakhstani Tenge (KZT). Credit cards are accepted in hotels, restaurants, and larger shops, but it is advisable to carry cash for smaller establishments and rural areas. ATMs are available throughout Turkestan, but it is wise to withdraw sufficient cash beforehand if you plan to venture into more remote areas.
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Turkestan is generally a safe destination for tourists. However, it is always advisable to take standard precautions. Avoid walking alone at night in unfamiliar areas and keep an eye on your belongings in crowded places. While Turkestan does not have specific high-crime areas targeting tourists, staying vigilant and aware of your surroundings is recommended.
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In case of emergency, dial 112 for immediate assistance. The local police station and medical facilities are available in Turkestan. It is recommended to have travel insurance that covers medical emergencies. For minor health issues, there are pharmacies in the city where you can purchase over-the-counter medications.
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Fashion: Do dress modestly, especially when visiting religious sites. Avoid wearing revealing clothing. Religion: Do respect local customs and traditions. Always cover your head when entering mosques and other religious sites. Public Transport: Do be respectful and give up your seat to elderly passengers. Don't eat or drink on public transport. Greetings: Do greet people with a handshake. A slight bow of the head is also a sign of respect. Eating & Drinking: Do try local delicacies and accept food offerings graciously. Don't refuse hospitality, as it is considered impolite.
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To experience Turkestan like a local, visit the local bazaars where you can buy fresh produce and traditional Kazakh goods. Engage with locals, as they are often friendly and willing to share stories about the city's history and culture. Don't miss visiting the Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. For a unique experience, attend a traditional Kazakh music performance or try horseback riding in the surrounding steppe.
Trending Landmark in Turkestan
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Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi
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Arystanbab Mausoleum
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Karavan Saray
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Turkistan City Fortress
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Tamgaly-Tas
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Mausoleum of Gauhar Ana
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Ukasha Ata
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Aziret Sultan Reserve-Museum
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Hammam
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Underground Mosque
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Mausoleum of Rabia Sultan Begum
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Uly Dala Eli Ortalygy
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Ancient mosque
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Visit Turkistan
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Tsentral'naya Ploshchad' Turkestana
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