Samarkand, Uzbekistan Travel Guide

Discover Samarkand, the Jewel of the Silk Road, where history, architecture, and culture blend seamlessly to create an unforgettable travel experience.

Samarkand, one of the oldest cities in Central Asia, is a fascinating blend of history and culture. Known as the Jewel of the Silk Road, Samarkand has been a crossroads of world cultures for more than two millennia. Its rich history is evident in its stunning architecture, bustling bazaars, and vibrant traditions. Begin your journey at Registan Square, the heart of Samarkand. This iconic square is surrounded by three grand madrasahs, each adorned with intricate tilework and mosaics. The Ulugh Beg Madrasah, built in the 15th century, is a testament to the city's rich educational heritage. Don't miss the chance to stroll through the square at night when the buildings are illuminated, adding a magical glow to the surroundings. Next, visit the Shah-i-Zinda necropolis, a sprawling complex of mausoleums that dates back to the 9th century. The tombs are adorned with some of the most exquisite tilework in the Islamic world. Each mausoleum tells a story of Samarkand's past, and the narrow alleyways of the complex create a maze-like experience for visitors. Samarkand is also home to the majestic Bibi-Khanym Mosque, once one of the largest and most magnificent mosques in the Islamic world. Though partially in ruins, the mosque's colossal size and intricate details still evoke a sense of awe. Nearby, the bustling Siab Bazaar offers a sensory overload of sights, sounds, and smells, where you can sample local delicacies and purchase unique souvenirs. For a deeper understanding of Samarkand's history and culture, visit the Afrasiab Museum. This museum is located on the site of ancient Afrasiab, the original settlement of Samarkand. It houses a collection of artifacts that provide insight into the city's long and storied past. Samarkand is a city that captivates the imagination and transports visitors to a different time. Its blend of ancient and modern makes it a must-visit destination for anyone interested in history, architecture, and culture.

From Eve

Know before you go

Hi, I'm Eve. Here are a few practical things to know before exploring Samarkand.

Visit Registan Square at night to see the stunning illumination of the madrasahs.
Wear comfortable shoes, as exploring the historical sites involves a lot of walking.
Try local dishes like plov and samsa at the Siab Bazaar.
Hire a local guide to get in-depth knowledge about the history and significance of each site.
Carry cash, as many smaller vendors and markets may not accept credit cards.

Explore Samarkand: Things to Do, Places to Eat, Hotels & More

Handpicked recommendations for top attractions, local dining, accommodations, and more

Best attractions in Samarkand

Top-rated picks

Best Attractions

Browse the full guide

All Attractions

Registan Square

Discover the enchanting Registan Square in Samarkand, a historical landmark with stunning architecture and rich cultural significance.

4.8

Amir Temur Mausoleum Gur-i Amir Сomplex

Explore the Amir Temur Mausoleum, a stunning example of Timurid architecture and a key historical site in Samarkand, Uzbekistan.

4.7

Shah-i-Zinda

Explore Shah-i-Zinda, a stunning necropolis in Samarkand, showcasing exquisite Islamic architecture and rich historical significance.

4.8

Siyob Bozor

Discover the vibrant Siyob Bozor in Samarkand, a farmers' market brimming with local flavors, crafts, and the rich culture of Uzbekistan.

4.5

Best landmarks in Samarkand

Top-rated picks

Best Landmarks

Browse the full guide

All Landmarks

Registan Square

Discover the architectural splendor and rich history of Registan Square, a UNESCO World Heritage site in the heart of Samarkand, Uzbekistan.

4.8

Amir Temur Mausoleum Gur-i Amir Сomplex

Discover the breathtaking Amir Temur Mausoleum in Samarkand, a stunning example of Timurid architecture and a significant historical landmark.

4.7

Shah-i-Zinda

Explore the stunning mausoleums of Shah-i-Zinda, a captivating historical landmark in Samarkand, showcasing exquisite tile work and rich cultural heritage.

4.8

Siyob Bozor

Experience the vibrant culture and flavors of Uzbekistan at Siyob Bozor, Samarkand's most famous farmers' market, where local produce and crafts come alive.

4.5

Best restaurants in Samarkand

Top-rated picks

Best Restaurants

Browse the full guide

All Restaurants

Samarkand Restaurant

Experience authentic Uzbek cuisine at Samarkand Restaurant - where every meal tells a story of culture and tradition.

4.2

Platan

Experience authentic Uzbek cuisine at Platan in Samarkand – where tradition meets modern dining in a vibrant atmosphere.

4.2

Emirhan restaurant

Discover the rich flavors of Uzbekistan at Emirhan Restaurant in Samarkand – where traditional cuisine meets warm hospitality.

4.6

Bibikhanum Teahouse

Experience authentic Uzbek cuisine at Bibikhanum Teahouse in Samarkand – where tradition meets flavor.

3.8

Best bars in Samarkand

Top-rated picks

Best Bars

Browse the full guide

All Bars

Blues Bar

Discover the vibrant nightlife and local culture at Blues Bar in Samarkand, where refreshing drinks and live music await you.

4.3

Green Bear Bar

Discover the vibrant nightlife at Green Bear Bar in Samarkand, where local flavors meet a welcoming atmosphere for an unforgettable experience.

4.3

Bochka

Discover Bochka in Samarkand, a vibrant pub offering local flavors and a lively atmosphere perfect for unwinding after exploring the historic city.

4.1

Beer Street Pub

Discover the lively Beer Street Pub in Samarkand, where local culture meets refreshing drinks and a warm atmosphere for tourists.

4.4

Best nightclubs in Samarkand

Top-rated picks

Best Nightclubs

Browse the full guide

All Nightclubs

RemiX Club

Discover the electrifying nightlife at RemiX Club in Samarkand, where vibrant music and dancing create unforgettable memories.

4.2

Bassiani night club

Experience the electrifying atmosphere of Bassiani Night Club in Samarkand, where music, culture, and nightlife fuse into unforgettable nights.

3.8

Kings Nightclub

Discover the vibrant nightlife at Kings Nightclub in Samarkand, where music and culture unite for an unforgettable experience.

3.1

Club Gorod

Dive into the electrifying nightlife of Samarkand at Club Gorod, where music, dance, and vibrant energy converge for an unforgettable experience.

4.1

Best shops in Samarkand

Top-rated picks

Best Shops

Browse the full guide

All Shops

Makon Mall

Discover the perfect blend of modern shopping and rich cultural heritage at Makon Mall in Samarkand, Uzbekistan.

4.3

Shodiyona Shopping Center

Experience the vibrant shopping and culinary delights at Shodiyona Shopping Center in Samarkand, where tradition meets modernity.

4.3

Choychana Mubarak

Uncover the treasures of the Silk Road at Choychana Mubarak, an antique store in Samarkand that showcases Uzbekistan's rich cultural heritage.

5.0

Haydar's Antique Shop & Flea Market

Discover unique antiques and cultural treasures at Haydar's Antique Shop & Flea Market in Samarkand, Uzbekistan, a must-visit for every traveler.

5.0

Explore Samarkand on the Map

A handpicked selection of must-see spots in Samarkand, mapped for you.

Samarkand Essentials

Samarkand is accessible via Samarkand International Airport, which has flights connecting to major cities in Uzbekistan and some international destinations. Alternatively, you can fly into Tashkent International Airport and take a high-speed train (Afrosiyob) or a regular train (Sharq) to Samarkand. The train journey from Tashkent to Samarkand takes approximately 2 to 3 hours. Buses and taxis are also available for travel between cities.
Samarkand has various modes of transportation, including buses, marshrutkas (shared minibuses), and taxis. Buses and marshrutkas are the most economical options for getting around the city. Taxis are relatively affordable, but it is advisable to negotiate the fare before starting your journey. For a more immersive experience, consider renting a bicycle to explore the city at your own pace.
The official currency in Uzbekistan is the Uzbekistani Som (UZS). While credit cards are accepted in some hotels, restaurants, and shops, it is recommended to carry cash, especially when visiting local markets or smaller establishments. ATMs are widely available in Samarkand, but it is a good idea to have some cash on hand for small transactions.
Samarkand is generally a safe destination for tourists. However, it is important to take standard precautions such as avoiding walking alone at night in unfamiliar areas and keeping an eye on your belongings in crowded places. The Registan area and other major tourist attractions are usually safe, but be cautious of pickpockets. There are no specific high-crime areas targeting tourists, but staying vigilant is always advisable.
In case of emergency, dial 101 for fire, 102 for police, and 103 for medical assistance. Samarkand has several hospitals and medical facilities that can provide emergency care. It is recommended to have travel insurance that covers medical emergencies. Pharmacies are available throughout the city where you can purchase over-the-counter medications.
Fashion: Do dress modestly, especially when visiting religious sites. Avoid wearing revealing clothing. Religion: Do respect local customs and traditions. Remove your shoes before entering mosques and cover your head if required. Public Transport: Do be respectful and give up your seat to elderly passengers. Don't eat or drink on public transport. Greetings: Do greet people with a handshake and use both hands or place your hand over your heart as a sign of respect. Eating & Drinking: Do try local delicacies and accept food offerings graciously. Don't refuse hospitality, as it is considered impolite.
To experience Samarkand like a local, visit the Siyob Bazaar where you can buy fresh produce and traditional Uzbek goods. Engage with locals, as they are often friendly and willing to share stories about the city's history and culture. Don't miss visiting the Registan, Shah-i-Zinda, and Bibi-Khanym Mosque. For a unique experience, take a stroll through the old city and explore its narrow alleyways and traditional houses.

When is the best time to visit Samarkand?

With Eve

Useful Local Phrases for Samarkand

You don't need to speak the language perfectly. Even learning a few simple words can make conversations warmer—and locals usually appreciate the effort.

— Eve

6 phrase groups English + pronunciation

Here are the phrases I use most often in Samarkand. Try a few—you'll be surprised how far they go! 😊
❤️

- HelloСалом
  [Salom]
- GoodbyeХайр
  [Khayr]
- YesҲа
  [Ha]
- NoЙўқ
  [Yo'q]
- Please/You're welcomeМарҳамат
  [Marhamat]
- Thank youРаҳмат
  [Rahmat]
- Excuse me/SorryКечиринг/Кечирасиз
  [Kechiring/Kechirasiz]
- How are you?Қалсизми?
  [Qalsizmi?]
- Fine. And you?Жуда яхши. Сизча?
  [Juda yaxshi. Sizcha?]
- Do you speak English?Инглизча ёзасизми?
  [Ingilizcha yozasizmi?]
- I don't understandМени тушунмадим
  [Meni tushunmadim]
- I'd like to see the menu, pleaseМенюни кўрмоқчиман, илтимос
  [Menyuni ko'rmoqchiman, iltimos]
- I don't eat meatМен гўсht ёмайман
  [Men go'sht yomayman]
- Cheers!Тинчликлар!
  [Tinchliklar!]
- I would like to pay, pleaseТўловни хоҳлайман, илтимос
  [Tolovni hohlaiman, iltimos]
- Help!Ёрдам!
  [Yordam!]
- Go away!Ёп кетинг!
  [Yop keting!]
- Call the Police!Полицияни чақиринг!
  [Poliyani chaqiring!]
- Call a doctor!Докторни чақиринг!
  [Doktorni chaqiring!]
- I'm lostМен йўл йўлдаман
  [Men yo'l yo'ldaman]
- I'm illМен касалман
  [Men kasalman]
- I'd like to buy...Сотиб олишни истайман...
  [Sotib olishni istayman...]
- I'm just lookingФақат кўриб чиқармоқдаман
  [Faqat ko'rib chiqarmoqdaman]
- How much is it?Берган нархи қандай?
  [Bergan narxi qanday?]
- That's too expensiveУшбу очиқ чеклама
  [Ushbu ochiq cheklama]
- Can you lower the price?Нархни тўлашга болаолмисизми?
  [Narxni to'lashga boloalmisizmi?]
- What time is it?Соат қачон?
  [Soat qachon?]
- It's one o'clockБир соат бўлди
  [Bir soat boldi]
- Half past (10)Он бир ёрдамда
  [On bir yardamda]
- MorningБомдод
  [Bomdod]
- AfternoonТустинки
  [Tustinki]
- EveningКеч
  [Kech]
- YesterdayКеча
  [Kecha]
- TodayБугун
  [Bugun]
- TomorrowЭртага
  [Ertaga]
- 1Бир
  [Bir]
- 2Икки
  [Ikki]
- 3Уч
  [Uch]
- 4Тўрт
  [To'rt]
- 5Беш
  [Besh]
- 6Олти
  [Olti]
- 7Етти
  [Etting]
- 8Саккиз
  [Sakkiz]
- 9Тўqqиз
  [To'qqiz]
- 10Он
  [On]
- Where's a/the...?Қайда...
  [Qayda...]
- What's the address?Манзил қаерда?
  [Manzil qayerda?]
- Can you show me (on the map)?Менга кўрсатасизми (харитада)?
  [Menga korsatisizmi (haritada)?]
- When's the next (bus)?Кейинги (автобус) қачон?
  [Keyingi (avtobus) qachon?]
- A ticket (to ....)Билет (.... га)
  [Bilet (.... ga)]

History of Samarkand

Samarkand, one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in Central Asia, was founded around the 7th century BC. Initially known as Afrasiab, it became a significant cultural and trading center due to its strategic location on the Silk Road. Early inhabitants were part of the Sogdian civilization, known for their advanced skills in trade, agriculture, and craftsmanship.
In 329 BC, Alexander the Great conquered Samarkand, then known as Maracanda. The city was a key prize in his campaign to control Central Asia. Alexander's occupation brought a fusion of Greek and local Sogdian culture, leaving a lasting impact on Samarkand's art, architecture, and urban planning.
By the 8th century AD, Samarkand had become a prominent city under the Umayyad and later the Abbasid Caliphates. The introduction of Islam transformed the city into a significant center for Islamic learning and culture. Scholars from Samarkand contributed to various fields, including astronomy, mathematics, and medicine.
In the 14th century, Timur (Tamerlane) made Samarkand the capital of his empire. The city experienced a renaissance, becoming a hub of art, science, and architecture. Timur and his successors commissioned magnificent buildings, including the Registan, Bibi-Khanym Mosque, and the Shah-i-Zinda necropolis, adorned with intricate tilework and grand designs.
During the Timurid era, Samarkand thrived as a key node on the Silk Road, facilitating trade between China, the Middle East, and Europe. The city became a melting pot of cultures, languages, and goods, enhancing its reputation as a cosmopolitan center of commerce and culture.
In the 19th century, Samarkand fell under the control of the Russian Empire. This period saw significant changes in the city's infrastructure and governance. Russian influence introduced new architectural styles, modern education systems, and expanded trade networks, while traditional Uzbek culture continued to thrive.
After the Russian Revolution, Samarkand became part of the Soviet Union in 1924. The Soviet period brought industrialization, modernization, and social changes. Many historical sites were restored or repurposed, and the city saw improvements in public infrastructure. However, Soviet policies also led to cultural suppression and changes in traditional lifestyles.
Following Uzbekistan's independence in 1991, Samarkand has undergone a cultural and economic revival. Efforts have been made to preserve and promote its rich historical heritage. The city has become a major tourist destination, attracting visitors from around the world to its ancient monuments, vibrant bazaars, and cultural festivals.