Pre-Columbian Era
Before the arrival of the Spanish, the region that is now Ixtapa-Zihuatanejo was inhabited by indigenous groups such as the Cuitlatecs and the Tarascans. These indigenous peoples thrived on the abundant natural resources, engaging in fishing, agriculture, and trade.
Spanish Conquest
In the early 16th century, Spanish explorers, led by Hernán Cortés, began their conquest of Mexico. The coastal region of Zihuatanejo was officially claimed by the Spanish in 1522. The name 'Zihuatanejo' is derived from the Nahuatl language, meaning 'place of women,' which may refer to the goddesses worshipped by the indigenous people.
Colonial Period
During the colonial period, Zihuatanejo became a small but significant port for Spanish galleons. The port facilitated the trade of silver and other goods between New Spain (Mexico) and the Philippines. Despite its strategic importance, the area remained relatively undeveloped and sparsely populated.
Pirate Attacks
In the late 16th and early 17th centuries, the Pacific coast of Mexico, including Zihuatanejo, was frequently targeted by pirates. These attacks prompted the Spanish authorities to fortify the coastline and establish military outposts to protect their trade routes and settlements.
Post-Independence Era
After Mexico gained independence from Spain in 1821, the region of Zihuatanejo slowly began to grow. Fishing continued to be a primary economic activity, and the town remained a quiet, picturesque fishing village for much of the 19th and early 20th centuries.
The Birth of Ixtapa
In the early 1970s, the Mexican government, through the National Fund for Tourism Development (FONATUR), initiated a project to develop a new tourist destination on the Pacific coast. The result was Ixtapa, a modern resort area built on what was once a coconut plantation. The development included luxury hotels, golf courses, and a marina, transforming the area into a major tourist destination.
Modern-Day Ixtapa-Zihuatanejo
Today, Ixtapa-Zihuatanejo is a thriving twin-destination that combines the old-world charm of Zihuatanejo with the modern amenities of Ixtapa. The area attracts tourists from around the world, drawn by its beautiful beaches, rich cultural heritage, and warm hospitality. Despite its growth, efforts have been made to preserve the natural beauty and cultural traditions of the region.