The Founding of Lancaster
Founded in 1730 by the Swiss-German immigrant John Wright, Lancaster was originally called Hickory Town. It was renamed after the English city of Lancaster when the town was incorporated in 1742. The city became a hub of activity and commerce due to its strategic location in the fertile Susquehanna River Valley.
Lancaster as Pennsylvania’s Capital
In 1799, Lancaster was chosen as the capital of Pennsylvania, a status it held until 1812 when the capital was moved to Harrisburg. During its time as the state capital, Lancaster saw significant growth and development, including the construction of important government buildings and the establishment of key institutions.
The Conestoga Wagon and Lancaster Rifle
Lancaster became known for its contributions to American transportation and military technology. The Conestoga wagon, developed in the region, was essential for transporting goods across the American frontier. Similarly, the Lancaster rifle, a long rifle known for its accuracy, was a key piece of weaponry during the American Revolutionary War.
Thaddeus Stevens and Abolitionism
Thaddeus Stevens, a prominent congressman and fierce abolitionist, made Lancaster his home and base of operations. His efforts in the fight against slavery were instrumental in shaping the course of American history, and his legacy is still celebrated in Lancaster today, especially at the Thaddeus Stevens School of Technology.
The Amish Community
Lancaster is renowned for its vibrant Amish community, which settled in the area in the early 18th century. The Amish way of life, characterized by simple living, plain dress, and reluctance to adopt modern technology, adds a unique cultural dimension to Lancaster. Visitors can explore Amish farms, markets, and crafts, gaining insight into their distinct traditions and beliefs.
The Fulton Opera House
Built in 1852, the Fulton Opera House is one of the oldest continuously operating theaters in the United States. Named after Robert Fulton, the inventor of the steamboat, the theater has hosted a wide array of performances and remains a cultural landmark in Lancaster, offering a window into the city’s rich artistic heritage.
Lancaster Central Market
Established in 1730, the Lancaster Central Market is one of the oldest continuously operating farmers markets in the country. The market has been a cornerstone of the community for centuries, offering a variety of fresh produce, meats, baked goods, and crafts. It reflects the agricultural bounty of the region and the diverse cultural heritage of its people.
Franklin & Marshall College
Founded in 1787, Franklin & Marshall College is one of the oldest institutions of higher learning in the United States. Named after Benjamin Franklin and John Marshall, the college has a long history of academic excellence and has played a significant role in the intellectual and cultural life of Lancaster.