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Heidelberg Tun: A Colossal Wine Vat

Discover the world's largest wine barrel at Heidelberg Castle, a symbol of German winemaking history and a testament to the region's cultural heritage, drawing millions of visitors annually.

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The Heidelberg Tun, nestled within the cellars of Heidelberg Castle, is a monumental wine vat that embodies the region's rich winemaking history. This enormous barrel, the fourth of its kind in Heidelberg's history, was constructed in 1751 and boasts a capacity of approximately 219,000 liters (57,854 U.S. gallons). Built using over a hundred oak trees, the Tun stands as a testament to both engineering ingenuity and the cultural significance of wine in the Palatinate region. While rarely used for actual wine storage, it has served as a unique tourist attraction for centuries, even featuring a dance floor on top. Visitors can marvel at its sheer size and learn about the legends surrounding Perkeo, the Tun's eternal keeper and a famously Herculean wine drinker.

A brief summary to Heidelberg Tun

Local tips

  • Combine your visit with a guided tour of Heidelberg Castle to fully appreciate the history and significance of the Tun and other castle highlights.
  • Check for special events or wine tastings held in the castle cellars for a unique experience.
  • Take the funicular railway up to the castle for scenic views of Heidelberg and the Neckar Valley.
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Getting There

  • Public Transport

    From Heidelberg Central Station (Hauptbahnhof), take bus line 33 or 20 to the 'Bergbahn' stop. From there, transfer to the Heidelberger Bergbahn (funicular railway) for a scenic ride up to the 'Schloss' (Castle) station. The castle entrance is a short walk from the funicular station. A single bus fare is approximately €3. A round-trip funicular ticket, which includes entry to the castle courtyard, Great Tun, and German Apothecary Museum, costs €11 for adults and €5.50 for a reduced ticket.

  • Walking

    From the Kornmarkt in Heidelberg's Old Town, follow the signs towards Heidelberg Castle. You can take the Burgweg, a scenic but steep uphill path, which takes approximately 15-20 minutes. Alternatively, a staircase with around 300 steps offers a more direct route. Be aware that the climb can be strenuous. Upon reaching the castle grounds, follow the signs to the Great Tun, located in the cellars.

  • Taxi/Ride-Share

    A taxi or ride-share from Heidelberg Central Station to the base of Heidelberg Castle (Kornmarkt/Bergbahn station) will cost approximately €13-€16 and take about 6 minutes, depending on traffic. From there, you can either walk up to the castle or take the funicular railway (€11 for adults, including castle entry).

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Discover more about Heidelberg Tun

The Heidelberg Tun, or Großes Fass (Great Barrel), is an iconic landmark housed within the historic Heidelberg Castle. This colossal wine vat represents not only a feat of engineering but also the enduring legacy of winemaking in the Heidelberg region. The current Tun, completed in 1751, is the fourth iteration in a series of giant barrels commissioned by the Palatinate electors, each aiming to outdo its predecessor in size and grandeur. The first Heidelberg Tun was commissioned in 1591 by Johann Casimir, primarily to store wine collected as tax revenue from the prolific vineyards of the Palatinate. This practice of building enormous barrels to store wine was not unique to Heidelberg, but the city's Calvinist identity led to the barrel becoming a symbol of the region's success and prosperity. Over the centuries, as the original barrel aged and decayed, it was replaced by increasingly larger versions, each reflecting the ambition and prestige of the ruling elector. The second Tun, built in 1664, featured a dance floor on top, highlighting its role as a tourist attraction. The third, constructed in 1728, was nearly identical to its predecessor. The current Heidelberg Tun, built in 1751 under Elector Karl Theodor, is the most impressive of them all. It required over 130 oak trees for its construction and had an original capacity of 221,726 liters (58,574 U.S. gallons). Due to the natural drying of the wood over time, its current capacity is slightly reduced to approximately 219,000 liters (57,854 U.S. gallons). Despite its immense size, the Heidelberg Tun has rarely been used for its intended purpose. The wine stored in these giant barrels often suffered from oxidation and leakage, making them impractical for long-term storage. Instead, the Tun quickly became a popular tourist attraction, drawing visitors from across Europe and beyond. The French army, upon capturing the castle, famously mistook the empty barrel for being full of wine and left hatchet marks on it in an attempt to get to the wine. These marks are still visible today. The Heidelberg Tun is closely associated with the legendary figure of Perkeo of Heidelberg. According to local tradition, Perkeo was a court jester and the master of the castle's spirit production. He was renowned for his Herculean capacity for wine, supposedly consuming vast quantities without ever becoming intoxicated. Perkeo is considered the eternal keeper of the Tun, and his image can be found throughout Heidelberg, solidifying his status as a beloved local icon. Today, the Heidelberg Tun remains one of the most popular attractions within Heidelberg Castle. Visitors can descend into the castle cellars to marvel at the sheer scale of the barrel and learn about its history and the legends surrounding it. The dance floor on top of the Tun has been updated to cater to visitors, and wine tastings are sometimes held in the cellar, allowing guests to experience the flavors of the region. The Heidelberg Tun has also captured the imagination of writers and artists throughout history. It is referenced in numerous literary works, including Rudolf Erich Raspe's "The Surprising Adventures of Baron Munchausen," Jules Verne's "Five Weeks in a Balloon," Victor Hugo's "Les Misérables," Mark Twain's "A Tramp Abroad," and Herman Melville's "Moby-Dick," among others. These references attest to the Tun's enduring fame and its status as a symbol of German culture and history. Heidelberg Castle, with the Heidelberg Tun as one of its main attractions, welcomes over a million visitors each year. The castle's strategic location on the Königstuhl hillside provides stunning views of the Neckar Valley and the old town of Heidelberg. The combination of historical significance, architectural grandeur, and captivating legends makes Heidelberg Castle and the Heidelberg Tun a must-see destination for travelers from around the world. The castle is open daily, and visitors can explore the courtyard, gardens, German Apothecary Museum, and, of course, the Great Tun. Guided tours are available for those who wish to delve deeper into the castle's rich history and learn more about the stories behind its walls.

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