El Yunque National Forest: A Tropical Paradise

• HelloHola
  [oh-lah]
• GoodbyeAdiós
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• YesSí
  [see]
• NoNo
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• Please/You're welcomePor favor/De nada
  [por fah-vohr/deh nah-dah]
• Thank youGracias
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• Excuse me/SorryPerdón/Lamento
  [pair-dohn/lah-men-toh]
• How are you?¿Cómo estás?
  [koh-moh ehs-tahs]
• Fine. And you?Bien. ¿Y tú?
  [byen. ee too]
• Do you speak English?¿Hablas inglés?
  [ah-blahs een-glehs]
• I don't understandNo entiendo
  [noh ehn-tee-ehn-doh]

• I'd like to see the menu, pleaseMe gustaría ver el menú, por favor
  [meh goo-stah-ree-ah behr ehl meh-noo, por fah-vohr]
• I don't eat meatNo como carne
  [noh koh-moh kahr-neh]
• Cheers!¡Salud!
  [sah-loohd]
• I would like to pay, pleaseMe gustaría pagar, por favor
  [meh goo-stah-ree-ah pah-gahr, por fah-vohr]

• Help!¡Ayuda!
  [ah-yoo-dah]
• Go away!¡Vete!
  [veh-teh]
• Call the Police!¡Llama a la Policía!
  [yah-mah ah lah poh-lee-see-ah]
• Call a doctor!¡Llama a un doctor!
  [yah-mah ah oon dohk-tohr]
• I'm lostEstoy perdido
  [ehs-toy pair-dee-doh]
• I'm illEstoy enfermo
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• I'd like to buy...Me gustaría comprar...
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• I'm just lookingSolo estoy mirando
  [soh-loh ehs-toy meer-ahn-doh]
• How much is it?¿Cuánto cuesta?
  [kwan-toh kwehs-tah]
• That's too expensiveEso es demasiado caro
  [eh-soh ehs deh-mah-syah-doh kah-roh]
• Can you lower the price?¿Puedes bajar el precio?
  [pweh-dehs bah-hahr ehl pree-see-oh]

• What time is it?¿Qué hora es?
  [keh oh-rah ehs]
• It's one o'clockEs la una en punto
  [ehs lah oo-nah ehn poon-toh]
• Half past (10)Media después de las diez
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• MorningMañana
  [mah-nyah-nah]
• AfternoonTarde
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• EveningNoche
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• YesterdayAyer
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• TodayHoy
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• TomorrowMañana
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• 1Uno
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• 2Dos
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• 7Siete
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• 8Ocho
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• 9Nueve
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• 10Diez
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• Where's a/the...?¿Dónde está...?
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• What's the address?¿Cuál es la dirección?
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• Can you show me (on the map)?¿Puedes mostrarme (en el mapa)?
  [pweh-dehs mohs-trar-meh (ehn ehl mah-pah)]
• When's the next (bus)?¿Cuándo es el próximo (autobús)?
  [kwan-doh ehs ehl proh-ksy-moh (ow-toh-booos)]
• A ticket (to ....)Un boleto (para ....)
  [oon boh-leh-toh (pah-rah)]

Long before the arrival of Europeans, the Taíno people inhabited the island of Puerto Rico. El Yunque, known to them as 'Yukiyú', was considered a sacred place and home to their chief deity, Yúcahu. The Taíno would often visit the forest to perform rituals and seek spiritual guidance.

In 1493, Christopher Columbus arrived in Puerto Rico, marking the beginning of Spanish colonization. The Spanish settlers were awed by the lush, dense forests of El Yunque. They called it 'Sierra de Luquillo' after the nearby town of Luquillo. The forest was used for timber and other resources, though its dense terrain made large-scale exploitation difficult.

In 1876, King Alfonso XII of Spain proclaimed El Yunque as one of the first forest reserves in the Western Hemisphere. This early conservation effort aimed to protect the forest's rich biodiversity and resources from over-exploitation.

After the Spanish-American War in 1898, Puerto Rico became a territory of the United States. In 1903, President Theodore Roosevelt designated El Yunque as a National Forest, making it the only tropical rainforest in the U.S. National Forest System. This designation further advanced conservation efforts and scientific studies.

In 1989, Hurricane Hugo struck Puerto Rico, causing extensive damage to El Yunque. The forest underwent a significant recovery process, demonstrating its resilience and the importance of conservation practices. The event also led to increased scientific interest in the forest's ability to recover from natural disasters.

El Yunque continues to be a culturally significant site for the people of Puerto Rico. The forest is intertwined with local myths and legends, including stories of the Taíno deity Yúcahu and the protective spirit of the forest. It remains a popular destination for both locals and tourists seeking to connect with nature and Puerto Rican heritage.

El Yunque National Forest is located in northeastern Puerto Rico, approximately 25 miles east of San Juan. The nearest major airport is Luis Muñoz Marín International Airport (SJU) in San Juan. From the airport, you can rent a car, take a taxi, or use a shuttle service to get to the forest. The drive from San Juan to El Yunque takes about 45 minutes to an hour via Route 66 and PR-3.

The most convenient way to explore El Yunque National Forest is by renting a car. This allows you to move at your own pace and visit different areas of the forest. There are parking areas near the main attractions. Public transportation options are limited, but some tour companies offer guided tours with transportation included. Taxis and ride-sharing services like Uber are available in Puerto Rico, but they may not be as convenient for exploring the forest.

The official currency in Puerto Rico is the United States Dollar (USD). Credit and debit cards are widely accepted in most establishments, including hotels, restaurants, and shops. However, it is advisable to carry some cash for smaller vendors or in case of emergencies. ATMs are available in nearby towns such as Río Grande and Luquillo.

El Yunque National Forest is generally a safe destination for tourists. However, it is important to take standard precautions. Avoid leaving valuables in your car and keep an eye on your belongings. While the forest itself is safe, some nearby urban areas can have higher crime rates. It is recommended to avoid walking alone at night in unfamiliar areas. Always stay on marked trails within the forest to avoid getting lost or encountering dangerous wildlife.

In case of an emergency, dial 911 for immediate assistance. The nearest medical facilities are in the towns of Río Grande and Fajardo. It is advisable to have travel insurance that covers medical emergencies. For minor health issues, there are pharmacies in nearby towns where you can purchase over-the-counter medications. Rangers are available in the forest to assist with any emergencies or provide information.

Fashion: Do wear comfortable hiking shoes and light, breathable clothing. Don't wear flip-flops or sandals on trails. Religion: Do respect any local customs you may encounter, though El Yunque is a national forest primarily focused on nature. Public Transport: Do use car rentals or guided tours for convenience. Don't rely on public transport for getting around the forest. Greetings: Do greet people with a friendly 'Hola' or 'Buenos días.' Eating & Drinking: Do try local Puerto Rican dishes at nearby towns. Don't litter; always carry out what you bring in to help preserve the natural beauty of the forest.

To experience El Yunque National Forest like a local, consider visiting less crowded trails such as the Angelito Trail or the El Toro Trail. Engage with the park rangers and local guides who can share insights about the forest's history and biodiversity. Visit the nearby towns of Luquillo and Fajardo for local cuisine, including fresh seafood and traditional Puerto Rican dishes. Don’t miss the chance to swim in one of the forest’s natural pools, such as La Mina Falls or Juan Diego Creek.