The Ute Indians and Early Settlers
Long before European settlers arrived, the area now known as Glenwood Springs was inhabited by the Ute Indians. They revered the natural hot springs in the area, considering them sacred and calling them 'Yampah,' meaning 'Big Medicine.' The Utes lived in harmony with the land, hunting and gathering in the lush Roaring Fork Valley.
Discovery of the Hot Springs
In the late 19th century, European settlers discovered the hot springs. In 1883, Isaac Cooper founded the Glenwood Hot Springs Resort, making it one of the oldest resorts in Colorado. The hot springs quickly gained fame for their purported healing properties, attracting visitors from all over the country.
The Founding of Glenwood Springs
Glenwood Springs was officially founded in 1885 by Isaac Cooper and Walter Devereux. The city's location at the confluence of the Colorado and Roaring Fork Rivers made it a prime spot for development. Devereux's vision included not just the hot springs but also building the Hotel Colorado, which opened in 1893 and hosted numerous famous guests, including President Theodore Roosevelt.
Doc Holliday's Final Days
One of the most famous residents of Glenwood Springs was John Henry 'Doc' Holliday, the legendary gunslinger and gambler. Suffering from tuberculosis, Holliday moved to Glenwood Springs in hopes that the mineral waters would improve his health. He spent his last days at the Hotel Glenwood and passed away in 1887. His grave in Linwood Cemetery remains a popular tourist attraction.
The Development of the Glenwood Caverns
The Glenwood Caverns, located on Iron Mountain, were discovered by Charles W. Darrow in the late 19th century. Originally known as Fairy Caves, the caverns were a popular tourist attraction until they were closed in 1917. They were re-opened in 1999 and have since been developed into a full-fledged adventure park, featuring cave tours, thrill rides, and panoramic views.
The Role of Glenwood Springs in the Mining Industry
During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Glenwood Springs played a significant role in Colorado's mining industry. The city's strategic location along the Colorado River made it a key transportation hub for shipping coal, silver, and other minerals. The mining boom contributed significantly to the economic growth and development of the area.
The Influence of the Railroads
The arrival of the railroads in the 1880s was a transformative event for Glenwood Springs. Rail lines like the Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad connected the town to major cities, facilitating the influx of tourists and the transportation of goods. The Glenwood Springs Train Depot, built in 1904, still stands today and is a testament to this pivotal period in the city's history.
Modern Developments and Tourism
In the 20th and 21st centuries, Glenwood Springs has continued to grow as a tourist destination. The city's natural beauty, outdoor recreational opportunities, and historic sites draw visitors year-round. Modern attractions such as the Iron Mountain Hot Springs and the Glenwood Gondola offer new ways to experience the area's stunning landscapes and rich history.