Native American Origins
Long before European settlers arrived, the island of Key Largo was inhabited by the indigenous Calusa and Tequesta tribes. These tribes were skilled fishermen and navigators who thrived in the subtropical environment. Evidence of their presence can be found in the form of shell mounds and artifacts scattered across the island.
Spanish Exploration
In the early 16th century, Spanish explorers arrived in the Florida Keys, including Key Largo. Juan Ponce de León is credited with discovering the islands in 1513 during his quest for the Fountain of Youth. The Spanish named the island 'Cayo Largo,' which translates to 'Long Key,' due to its elongated shape.
Pirate Haven
During the 17th and 18th centuries, the Florida Keys, including Key Largo, were notorious for pirate activity. Pirates such as Black Caesar used the islands as hideouts and staging areas for attacks on Spanish ships laden with treasure. The shallow waters and numerous channels provided excellent cover for these maritime outlaws.
Wrecking Industry
In the 1800s, the wrecking industry became a significant part of Key Largo's economy. The treacherous reefs surrounding the island caused many ships to run aground. Local 'wreckers' would salvage goods from these shipwrecks, often rescuing the crew and passengers in the process. This industry brought wealth and growth to the island.
Construction of the Overseas Railway
One of the most transformative events in Key Largo's history was the construction of Henry Flagler's Overseas Railway in the early 20th century. Completed in 1912, the railway connected the Florida Keys to the mainland, making the islands more accessible and spurring development. Key Largo became a key stop along this 'Eighth Wonder of the World.'
World War II Naval Base
During World War II, Key Largo played a strategic role as a training base for the U.S. Navy. The island's location made it an ideal spot for training submarine chasers and sonar operators. The remnants of the naval base can still be seen today and are a testament to the island's contribution to the war effort.
Establishment of John Pennekamp Coral Reef State Park
In 1963, the John Pennekamp Coral Reef State Park was established, becoming the first underwater park in the United States. This park was created to protect the vibrant coral reefs and marine life off the coast of Key Largo. It has since become a popular destination for snorkeling, diving, and marine education, highlighting the island's commitment to environmental preservation.
Modern Development and Tourism
In the latter half of the 20th century, Key Largo evolved into a popular tourist destination. The construction of resorts, marinas, and vacation homes transformed the island's economy. Today, Key Largo is known as the 'Diving Capital of the World,' attracting visitors from around the globe to explore its underwater wonders and enjoy its laid-back atmosphere.