Kilkenny: A Medieval Gem in the Heart of Ireland

• HelloDia dhuit
  [dee-ah gwit]
• GoodbyeSlán
  [slawn]
• YesTá
  [taw]
• NoNíl
  [neel]
• Please/You're welcomeLe do thoil
  [leh duh hull]
• Thank youGo raibh maith agat
  [guh rev mah agut]
• Excuse me/SorryMaith thú/Trua
  [mah hoo/troo-ah]
• How are you?Conas atá tú?
  [kun-us ah-taw too]
• Fine. And you?Tá mé go maith. Agus tú?
  [taw may goh mah. ah-gus too]
• Do you speak English?An labhraíonn tú Béarla?
  [ahn law-vree-un too bayr-lah]
• I don't understandNí thuigim
  [nee hug-im]

• I'd like to see the menu, pleaseBa mhaith liom an mhenu a fheiceáil, le do thoil
  [bah wah lum on vay-noo ah ek-ah-leh, leh duh hull]
• I don't eat meatNí ithim feoil
  [nee ih-him foh-il]
• Cheers!Sláinte!
  [slawn-cheh]
• I would like to pay, pleaseBa mhaith liom íoc, le do thoil
  [bah wah lum ee-uk, leh duh hull]

• Help!Cabhair!
  [kuh-ir]
• Go away!Imigh uaim!
  [ih-mee oom]
• Call the Police!Glan na Póilíní!
  [glawn nah poh-lee-nee]
• Call a doctor!Glan dochtúir!
  [glawn dukt-oor]
• I'm lostTá mé caillte
  [taw may kahl-cheh]
• I'm illTá mé tinn
  [taw may thin]

• I'd like to buy...Ba mhaith liom ceannach...
  [bah wah lum kyah-nukh]
• I'm just lookingNíl mé ach ag féachaint
  [neel may okh eg fay-ah-khent]
• How much is it?Cá mhéad atá air?
  [kaw vayd ah-taw er]
• That's too expensiveTá sé ró-dhaor
  [taw shay roh-gweer]
• Can you lower the price?An féidir leat an praghas a ísliú?
  [ahn fay-djir lat on prah-gus ah eesh-loo]

• What time is it?Cén t-am é?
  [kayn tahm ay]
• It's one o'clockTá sé a haon
  [taw shay ah hayn]
• Half past (10)Leathuair tar éis (10)
  [lah-hoor tar aysh (10)]
• MorningMaidin
  [mah-jin]
• AfternoonTráthnóna
  [trah-noh-nah]
• EveningTráthnóna
  [trah-noh-nah]
• YesterdayInné
  [in-ay]
• TodayInniu
  [in-yoo]
• TomorrowAmárach
  [ah-maw-rahh]
• 1Aon
  [ayn]
• 2Dó
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• 3Trí
  [tree]
• 4Ceathair
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• 5Cúig
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• 6Sé
  [shay]
• 7Seacht
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• 8Ocht
  [ukht]
• 9Naoi
  [nee]
• 10Deich
  [deh-ikh]

• Where's a/the...?Cá bhfuil...?
  [kaw will]
• What's the address?Cén seoladh atá ann?
  [kayn shoh-lah ah-taw an]
• Can you show me (on the map)?An féidir leat léarscáil a thaispeáint dom?
  [ahn fay-djir lat layr-skawl ah hash-paynt dum]
• When's the next (bus)?Cathain atá an bus seo chugainn?
  [kah-hin ah-taw an bus shuh hug-in]
• A ticket (to ....)Ticéad (go dtí ....)
  [tick-ayd (goh dee)]

Kilkenny's origins stretch back to the early medieval period, with the establishment of a monastic settlement by Saint Canice in the 6th century. This settlement, located on the site of what is now St. Canice's Cathedral, became a foundation for the growth of the city. The round tower adjacent to the cathedral, which dates back to this period, remains one of the best-preserved examples of its kind in Ireland.

The arrival of the Normans in the 12th century marked a significant turning point for Kilkenny. William Marshal, the Earl of Pembroke, acquired the area and initiated the construction of Kilkenny Castle in 1195. The imposing structure not only served as a defensive stronghold but also as a symbol of Norman authority. The Normans also established the walled town of Kilkenny, which laid the foundation for its development as a major urban center.

The 13th to 15th centuries are often referred to as Kilkenny's 'Golden Age.' During this period, the city became a bustling hub of commerce and culture. The construction of significant buildings, such as the Shee Alms House and the Black Abbey, highlights the prosperity of the era. Kilkenny was granted a royal charter in 1609, affirming its status as a city and enabling it to host the Irish Parliament in 1641.

In 1642, during the Irish Confederate Wars, Kilkenny became the capital of the Irish Confederation, an alliance of Irish Catholic nobles and clergy. The Confederation sought to govern Ireland independently from English rule. Kilkenny Castle served as the administrative center for the Confederate government until its dissolution in 1649 following the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland.

The Cromwellian conquest of Ireland had a profound impact on Kilkenny. In 1650, Oliver Cromwell's forces captured Kilkenny after a siege, leading to widespread destruction and the confiscation of lands owned by Catholic nobles. Many of the city's medieval structures were damaged or repurposed during this turbulent period.

Following the Restoration of the monarchy in 1660, Kilkenny began to recover from the devastation of the previous decades. The 18th century saw a wave of Georgian architecture, with elegant townhouses and public buildings transforming the city's landscape. Kilkenny's economic and cultural life flourished once again, laying the groundwork for its modern identity.

In the 19th and 20th centuries, Kilkenny continued to evolve while preserving its rich historical heritage. The city played a role in Ireland's struggle for independence, and the subsequent establishment of the Irish Free State. Today, Kilkenny is renowned for its vibrant arts scene, medieval architecture, and annual events such as the Kilkenny Arts Festival, which celebrate its unique cultural legacy.

Kilkenny is located in the southeast of Ireland, approximately 130 kilometers from Dublin. The nearest international airport is Dublin Airport. From Dublin, you can take a train from Heuston Station to Kilkenny, which typically takes around 1.5 to 2 hours. Alternatively, you can take a bus operated by Bus Éireann or a private coach service. Car rentals are also available at Dublin Airport for those who prefer to drive.

Kilkenny is a compact city, and many of its attractions are within walking distance. For longer trips, local taxis are readily available. Kilkenny also has a local bus service operated by City Direct, which connects key areas within the city. Renting a bicycle is another popular option for exploring the city. Car rentals are available for those who wish to explore the surrounding countryside.

The official currency in Ireland is the Euro (EUR). Credit and debit cards are widely accepted in hotels, restaurants, and shops. ATMs are plentiful throughout Kilkenny, making it easy to withdraw cash if needed. It is advisable to carry some cash, especially for smaller establishments, local markets, and rural areas where card payments may not be accepted.

Kilkenny is generally a safe destination for tourists. However, it is always advisable to take standard precautions such as avoiding poorly lit areas at night and keeping an eye on your belongings in crowded places. There are no specific high-crime areas targeting tourists, but staying vigilant and aware of your surroundings is always recommended.

In case of emergency, dial 999 or 112 for immediate assistance. Kilkenny has a local Garda (police) station and medical facilities, including St. Luke's General Hospital. It is recommended to have travel insurance that covers medical emergencies. Pharmacies are available throughout the city for minor health issues and over-the-counter medications.

Fashion: Do dress in layers, as the weather can be unpredictable. Casual attire is generally acceptable, but smart casual is recommended for evening dining. Religion: Do respect local customs and traditions when visiting religious sites. Cover your head and shoulders when entering churches. Public Transport: Do have exact change for bus fares, as not all buses provide change. Don't play loud music or talk loudly on public transport. Greetings: Do greet people with a friendly 'hello' or 'hi'. A handshake is common in formal settings. Eating & Drinking: Do try local dishes such as Kilkenny's famous beer, Smithwick's. Don't tip excessively; a 10-15% tip is generally sufficient in restaurants.

To experience Kilkenny like a local, visit the weekly farmers' market at the Parade. Engage with locals at traditional Irish pubs, where you can enjoy live music sessions. Explore the medieval history by taking a walking tour, and don't miss the Kilkenny Castle and St. Canice's Cathedral. For a unique experience, attend the Kilkenny Arts Festival held every August, showcasing local and international talent in various art forms.