Ankara: The Heart of Turkey

• HelloMerhaba
  [Mer-ha-ba]
• GoodbyeHoşça kal
  [Hosh-cha kal]
• YesEvet
  [Eh-vet]
• NoHayır
  [Ha-yuhr]
• Please/You're welcomeLütfen
  [Loot-fen]
• Thank youTeşekkür ederim
  [Teh-sheh-kur eh-deh-rim]
• Excuse me/SorryÖzür dilerim
  [Oz-ur dee-leh-rim]
• How are you?Nasılsın?
  [Nas-il-sun]
• Fine. And you?İyiyim. Sen?
  [Ee-yee-eem. Sen?]
• Do you speak English?İngilizce konuşabiliyor musun?
  [Ing-il-iz-je ko-noo-sha-bee-lee-yor mus-un?]
• I don't understandAnlamıyorum
  [An-la-muh-yor-um]

• I'd like to see the menu, pleaseMenüyü görmek istiyorum, lütfen
  [Men-oo-yu gore-mek is-tee-yor-um, loot-fen]
• I don't eat meatEt yemem
  [Et ye-mem]
• Cheers!Şerefe!
  [She-re-fe]
• I would like to pay, pleaseÖdemek istiyorum, lütfen
  [O-de-mek is-tee-yor-um, loot-fen]

• Help!Yardım!
  [Yar-dum]
• Go away!Uzaklaş!
  [Oo-zak-lash]
• Call the Police!Polisi ara!
  [Po-lee-see a-ra]
• Call a doctor!Doktor çağır!
  [Dok-tor cha-ghur]
• I'm lostKayboldum
  [Kai-bol-doom]
• I'm illHastayım
  [Has-tai-um]

• I'd like to buy...Satın almak istiyorum...
  [Sat-uhn al-mak is-tee-yor-um]
• I'm just lookingSadece bakıyorum
  [Sah-deh-je ba-ku-yor-um]
• How much is it?Kaç lira?
  [Kach lee-ra]
• That's too expensiveBu çok pahalı
  [Boo chok pa-ha-luh]
• Can you lower the price?Fiyatı indirebilir misiniz?
  [Fee-yat-uh in-de-re-bee-leer me-sin-iz]

• What time is it?Saat kaç?
  [Sa-at kach]
• It's one o'clockSaat bir
  [Sa-at beer]
• Half past (10)On buçuk
  [On boo-chuk]
• MorningSabah
  [Sa-bah]
• AfternoonÖğleden sonra
  [O-leh-den sonra]
• EveningAkşam
  [Ak-sham]
• YesterdayDün
  [Doon]
• TodayBugün
  [Boo-goon]
• TomorrowYarın
  [Ya-run]
• 1Bir
  [Beer]
• 2İki
  [Ee-kee]
• 3Üç
  [Ooch]
• 4Dört
  [Durt]
• 5Beş
  [Besh]
• 6Altı
  [Al-tuh]
• 7Yedi
  [Ye-dee]
• 8Sekiz
  [Sek-eez]
• 9Dokuz
  [Do-kooz]
• 10On
  [On]

• Where's a/the...?...nere? / ...nerede?
  [...neh-reh? / ...neh-reh-deh?]
• What's the address?Adres nedir?
  [A-dres neh-deer?]
• Can you show me (on the map)?(Haritada) gösterebilir misiniz?
  [(Ha-ree-ta-da) gos-te-re-bee-leer me-sin-iz]
• When's the next (bus)?Sonraki (otobüs) ne zaman?
  [Son-ra-kee (o-to-boos) neh zah-man?]
• A ticket (to ....)Bilet (....'ya)
  [Bee-let (ya)]

The origins of Ankara date back to the Bronze Age, with the city's earliest known inhabitants being the Hatti civilization. In the 12th century BCE, the Phrygians, an Indo-European people, established their rule over the region. Ankara, then known as Ancyra, became a significant Phrygian settlement. The city's strategic location along trade routes contributed to its early prominence.

Ankara's importance continued under Roman rule after the city was annexed by the Roman Empire in 25 BCE. It became the capital of the Roman province of Galatia. The city flourished as a center of commerce and governance. After the division of the Roman Empire, Ankara remained significant under Byzantine rule, serving as a military stronghold and religious center.

In the 11th century, Ankara fell under the control of the Seljuk Turks. The city became a significant center for trade and culture. The Ottomans captured Ankara in 1356, and it became an integral part of the Ottoman Empire. During the Ottoman period, the city was known for its production of mohair and angora wool, contributing to its economic prosperity.

Ankara played a crucial role during the Turkish War of Independence (1919-1923). Under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, Ankara was chosen as the headquarters for the nationalist movement. Following the success of the war, Ankara replaced Istanbul as the capital of the newly founded Republic of Turkey in 1923. This decision was strategic, symbolizing the break from the Ottoman past and the establishment of a new, modern state.

Since becoming the capital, Ankara has transformed into a modern city with significant political, cultural, and educational institutions. The city is home to numerous landmarks, including the Anıtkabir, the mausoleum of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, and the Museum of Anatolian Civilizations, which houses an extensive collection of artifacts from various periods of Turkish history. Ankara's blend of ancient heritage and modern development makes it a unique destination for travelers.

Ankara is served by Esenboğa Airport (ESB), located about 28 kilometers northeast of the city center. The airport is well-connected to many international and domestic destinations. From the airport, you can take a taxi, shuttle bus (Havaş), or rent a car to reach the city center. The travel time by taxi is approximately 30-45 minutes depending on traffic. Ankara is also accessible by train, with direct connections from major Turkish cities like Istanbul and Izmir. Additionally, long-distance buses operate frequently from various cities across Turkey to Ankara’s main bus terminal, AŞTİ (Ankara Şehirlerarası Terminal İşletmesi).

Ankara has a comprehensive public transportation system including buses, metro, and dolmuş (shared minibuses). The metro network consists of several lines connecting key points in the city. Buses are operated by EGO (Ankara Electricity, Gas and Bus Operations Organization) and cover a wide area of the city. Taxis are also readily available and relatively affordable. For short distances within the city center, walking is often convenient. The city also offers bike-sharing services, which can be an enjoyable way to explore the city.

The official currency in Turkey is the Turkish Lira (TRY). Credit cards are widely accepted in hotels, restaurants, and shops in Ankara. However, it is advisable to carry some cash for small purchases or in areas where card payment may not be accepted. ATMs are widely available throughout the city, and many offer the option to withdraw cash in different currencies. Currency exchange offices can be found in the city center and major shopping areas.

Ankara is generally a safe city for tourists. However, as with any major city, it is important to stay vigilant and take standard precautions. Avoid walking alone in poorly lit or unfamiliar areas at night, and keep an eye on your belongings in crowded places. Areas such as Ulus and some parts of Kızılay can be busier and may require extra caution, especially at night. It is always advisable to use reputable taxi services and avoid unlicensed cabs.

In case of emergency, dial 112 for medical emergencies, 155 for police, and 110 for fire services. The main hospitals in Ankara include Hacettepe University Hospital, Ankara University Hospital, and Atatürk Training and Research Hospital. Pharmacies, known as 'eczane,' are widely available and provide over-the-counter medications as well as prescription drugs. It is recommended to have travel insurance that covers medical emergencies and repatriation.

Fashion: Do dress modestly, especially when visiting religious sites. Avoid wearing overly revealing clothing. Religion: Do respect local customs and traditions. When visiting mosques, cover your head (for women) and remove your shoes. Public Transport: Do be respectful and give up your seat to elderly passengers. Don’t eat or drink on public transport. Greetings: Do greet people with a handshake. A slight bow of the head is also a sign of respect. Eating & Drinking: Do try local delicacies and accept food offerings graciously. Don’t refuse hospitality, as it is considered impolite.

To experience Ankara like a local, visit the local markets such as the Çıkrıkçılar Yokuşu (Antique Bazaar) and the traditional bazaar in Ulus. Engage with locals, as they are often friendly and willing to share stories about the city's history and culture. Don’t miss visiting the Atatürk Mausoleum (Anıtkabir), a significant historical site. For a unique local experience, try a traditional Turkish bath (hamam) in one of the historical bathhouses. Enjoying a cup of Turkish tea or coffee in one of the many tea gardens (çay bahçesi) is also a must.