Golden Square, Soho – A Historic Garden Oasis in Central London

Origins and Historical Significance

Golden Square’s story begins in the late 17th century, established around the 1670s on land once used as a plague pit during the Great Plague of London. The square’s layout is believed to have been designed by Sir Christopher Wren or his office, reflecting the architectural vision of the era. Initially developed to accommodate the gentry, it quickly became a prestigious political and ambassadorial district, hosting embassies such as the Portuguese embassy. The name 'Golden Square' likely derives from 'Gelding Close,' referring to land used for horse grazing before urban development.

Architectural and Cultural Heritage

The square is framed by classical office buildings, many with heritage status, including Grade II* listed properties. Notable residents have included artists like Martin Archer Shee and figures such as Thomas Jefferson during his only London visit. The square also features a statue believed to represent King George II, though some debate exists about whether it depicts King Charles II. This statue, erected in the mid-18th century, stands as a guardian over the garden’s lush greenery.

Literary and Social Connections

Golden Square has been immortalized in English literature, notably as the home of Ralph Nickleby in Charles Dickens’ 1839 novel "Nicholas Nickleby." Dickens described the square’s atmosphere with its musical boarding houses and the melancholy presence of the statue amid the evening air. The area’s social fabric evolved over centuries, transitioning from a diplomatic quarter to a hub for the wool and worsted yarn trade in the 19th century, with around 70 yarn firms based there by 1900.

Transformation Through the 20th Century

During World War II, an air raid shelter was constructed beneath the square, and post-war restoration transformed it into a paved garden with mature trees such as hornbeam, ornamental crab apples, and maples. The roses in the flower beds were a goodwill gift from Sofia, Bulgaria, symbolizing international friendship. The square today maintains its historical charm while serving as a green oasis within London’s bustling urban environment.

Modern-Day Environment and Usage

Golden Square is now a serene garden square popular with local office workers and visitors seeking respite from the nearby tourist crowds of Soho and Regent Street. It is surrounded by media, advertising, and public relations companies, reflecting the creative character of the neighborhood. The square provides ample seating and accessibility, making it a welcoming spot for relaxation and quiet reflection amidst the city.

Location and Accessibility

Situated just east of Regent Street and north of Piccadilly Circus, Golden Square is easily accessible from Oxford Circus and Piccadilly Circus Underground stations. Its central location places it within walking distance of vibrant Soho attractions, Chinatown, and Carnaby Street, making it a convenient yet peaceful retreat in a lively part of London.