Porto: The Enchanting Riverside Gem of Portugal

• HelloOlá
  [oh-lah]
• GoodbyeAdeus
  [ah-deh-oosh]
• YesSim
  [seem]
• NoNão
  [now]
• Please/You're welcomePor favor/De nada
  [por fah-vohr/deh nah-dah]
• Thank youObrigado/a
  [oh-bree-gah-doo/ah]
• Excuse me/SorryCom licença/Desculpe
  [kohm lee-sen-sah/deh-skool-peh]
• How are you?Como estás?
  [koh-moh ehs-tahsh]
• Fine. And you?Bem. E tu?
  [behm/eh too]
• Do you speak English?Falas inglês?
  [fah-lahsh een-glehsh]
• I don't understandNão entendo
  [now ehn-tehn-doo]

• I'd like to see the menu, pleaseGostaria de ver a ementa, por favor
  [goh-stah-ree-ah deh vehr ah ehmehntah/por fah-vohr]
• I don't eat meatNão como carne
  [now koh-moh kahr-neh]
• Cheers!Saúde!
  [sow-deh]
• I would like to pay, pleaseGostaria de pagar, por favor
  [goh-stah-ree-ah deh pah-gahr/por fah-vohr]

• Help!Ajuda!
  [ah-joo-dah]
• Go away!Vai embora!
  [vah-ee ehm-boh-rah]
• Call the Police!Chama a Polícia!
  [shah-mah ah poh-lee-see-ah]
• Call a doctor!Chama um médico!
  [shah-mah oom meh-dee-koo]
• I'm lostEstou perdido/a
  [eh-stoh pehr-dee-doo/ah]
• I'm illEstou doente
  [eh-stoh doo-ehn-teh]

• I'd like to buy...Gostaria de comprar...
  [goh-stah-ree-ah deh kohm-prahr]
• I'm just lookingEstou só a ver
  [eh-stoh soh ah vehr]
• How much is it?Quanto custa?
  [kwahn-too koos-tah]
• That's too expensiveIsso é demasiado caro
  [ees-soh eh deh-mah-see-ah-doo kah-roo]
• Can you lower the price?Pode baixar o preço?
  [poh-deh bahy-shahr ooh preh-soo]

• What time is it?Que horas são?
  [keh oh-rahsh sow]
• It's one o'clockÉ uma hora
  [eh oo-mah oh-rah]
• Half past (10)Meia hora (dez)
  [may-ah oh-rah (dehz)]
• MorningManhã
  [mah-nyah]
• AfternoonTarde
  [tahr-deh]
• EveningNoite
  [noy-tay]
• YesterdayOntem
  [ohn-tehm]
• TodayHoje
  [oh-zhay]
• TomorrowAmanhã
  [ah-mah-nyah]
• 1Um
  [oom]
• 2Dois
  [doysh]
• 3Três
  [trehsh]
• 4Quatro
  [kwah-troh]
• 5Cinco
  [seen-koh]
• 6Seis
  [saysh]
• 7Sete
  [seh-teh]
• 8Oito
  [oy-toh]
• 9Nove
  [noh-veh]
• 10Dez
  [dehz]

• Where's a/the...?Onde fica o/a...?
  [ohn-deh fee-kah ooh/ah]
• What's the address?Qual é a morada?
  [kwahl eh ah moh-rah-dah]
• Can you show me (on the map)?Podes mostrar-me (no mapa)?
  [poh-dehsh mohs-trahr-meh (noo mah-pah)]
• When's the next (bus)?Quando é o próximo (autocarro)?
  [kwahn-doo eh ooh proh-ksee-moh (ow-toh-kah-roo)]
• A ticket (to ....)Um bilhete (para ...)
  [oom beel-yeh-teh (pah-rah)]

Porto, originally known as Portus Cale, was founded by the Romans in the 4th century. The city's strategic location at the mouth of the Douro River made it an important trading post and settlement. Archaeological findings suggest that even before the Roman occupation, the area was inhabited by Celtic tribes.

During the Middle Ages, Porto thrived as a maritime trading hub. In the 12th century, the city played a pivotal role in the Reconquista, the Christian reconquest of the Iberian Peninsula from the Moors. Porto's cathedral, Sé do Porto, was constructed during this period and remains a significant historical landmark.

In the 15th and 16th centuries, Porto was instrumental in Portugal's Age of Discoveries. Prince Henry the Navigator, a central figure in this era, was born in Porto. The city’s shipyards built many of the vessels that would explore and map new territories, leading to Portugal’s global maritime dominance.

The 17th century marked the beginning of Porto's association with port wine. British merchants established trade routes and began exporting this fortified wine to England, creating a lasting legacy. The wine cellars in Vila Nova de Gaia, just across the Douro River, became the heart of this thriving industry.

In the 19th century, Porto was a center of liberal thought and action during the Portuguese Liberal Wars. The city was besieged for over a year from 1832 to 1833 in the Siege of Porto, a defining moment in Portugal's struggle between liberalists and absolutists. The resilience of Porto’s inhabitants during this period earned it the nickname 'Cidade Invicta' or 'Unvanquished City.'

The late 19th and early 20th centuries saw Porto emerge as an industrial powerhouse. Textile and manufacturing industries flourished, and the city expanded rapidly. Key infrastructure, such as the Dom Luís I Bridge designed by a disciple of Gustave Eiffel, was constructed, symbolizing the city's modernization.

In recent decades, Porto has transformed into a vibrant cultural hub. The city was named a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1996, celebrating its rich architectural and historical significance. The opening of the Casa da Música in 2005 and the continuous growth of its arts scene further solidify Porto’s status as a center of contemporary culture.

Porto is well-connected by air, rail, and road. The primary gateway is Francisco Sá Carneiro Airport (OPO), located about 11 kilometers north of the city center. The airport offers international flights from major cities worldwide. From the airport, you can take the metro (Line E) directly to the city center in about 30 minutes. Alternatively, taxis and shuttle services are available. Porto is also accessible by train, with regular services from Lisbon and other major Portuguese cities arriving at São Bento and Campanhã stations. If you prefer driving, the A1 motorway connects Porto to Lisbon.

Porto has an efficient public transportation system that includes metro, buses, trams, and funiculars. The Andante card is a rechargeable travel card that can be used across all forms of public transport. The metro system is extensive and connects key areas, while buses serve routes that the metro does not cover. Trams offer a scenic way to explore the city, particularly Line 1 along the riverfront. Taxis and ride-sharing services like Uber are widely available. Porto is also very walkable, especially within the historic center.

The currency in Portugal is the Euro (EUR). Credit and debit cards are widely accepted in most hotels, restaurants, and shops. However, it is advisable to carry some cash for small purchases, especially in local markets and smaller establishments. ATMs are plentiful throughout the city, including in the city center and major tourist areas. It's also a good idea to inform your bank of your travel plans to avoid any issues with card transactions.

Porto is generally a safe city for tourists, but it's always wise to take standard precautions. Avoid displaying expensive items and keep your belongings secure, especially in crowded places like São Bento Station, Ribeira, and tourist hotspots. Some areas, such as the surroundings of Campanhã Station, may have higher crime rates, particularly at night. Use well-lit and populated streets and avoid walking alone late at night. Emergency services can be reached by dialing 112.

In case of emergency, dial 112 for immediate assistance for police, fire, or medical emergencies. Porto has several hospitals and clinics, including Hospital de São João and Hospital Santo António, which provide emergency medical services. Pharmacies are also widely available and can assist with minor health issues. It is advisable to have travel insurance that covers medical emergencies and to carry a copy of your insurance details.

Fashion: Do wear comfortable walking shoes, as Porto's streets are often cobblestoned and hilly. Dress smart-casual when dining out. Avoid overly revealing clothing. Religion: Do respect religious customs, especially when visiting churches. Dress modestly and remain quiet. Public Transport: Do give up your seat for elderly passengers and avoid talking loudly. Don't eat or drink on public transport. Greetings: Do greet people with a handshake or a kiss on both cheeks if you are familiar with them. Eating & Drinking: Do try local dishes like Francesinha and Port wine. Don't rush meals; dining is a leisurely activity.

To experience Porto like a local, visit Mercado do Bolhão, a traditional market where you can buy fresh produce and local delicacies. Explore lesser-known neighborhoods like Miragaia and Foz do Douro for a more authentic feel. Take a stroll along the Douro River and enjoy a coffee at a local café. Attend a Fado performance to experience traditional Portuguese music. Engage with locals, as they are usually friendly and eager to share stories about their city.