The Majestic Highlands of Iceland

• HelloHalló
  [haut-lo]
• GoodbyeBless
  [bless]
• YesJá
  [yow]
• NoNei
  [nay]
• Please/You're welcomeGjörðu svo vel
  [gyor-thoo-svo-vel]
• Thank youTakk fyrir
  [tahk-feer-ir]
• Excuse me/SorryFyrirgefðu
  [feer-ir-gef-thu]
• How are you?Hvernig hefur þú það?
  [kver-nik-he-vur-thoo-thath]
• Fine. And you?Fínt. Og þú?
  [feent-oh-thoo]
• Do you speak English?Talar þú ensku?
  [ta-lar-thoo-ens-koo]
• I don't understandÉg skil ekki
  [yeg-skil-ekki]

• I'd like to see the menu, pleaseÉg væri til í að sjá matsedilinn, takk
  [yeg-vair-ee-til-eeth-syaw-mat-seh-thil-inn-tahk]
• I don't eat meatÉg borða ekki kjöt
  [yeg-bor-tha-ekki-chyot]
• Cheers!Skál!
  [skowl]
• I would like to pay, pleaseÉg væri til í að greiða, takk
  [yeg-vair-ee-til-eeth-gray-tha-tahk]

• Help!Hjálp!
  [hyawlp]
• Go away!Farðu í burtu!
  [far-thoo-ee-bur-tu]
• Call the Police!Hringdu í lögregluna!
  [hring-doo-ee-log-re-gluna]
• Call a doctor!Hringdu í lækninn!
  [hring-doo-ee-layk-nin]
• I'm lostÉg er týndur
  [yeg-ayr-tin-thur]
• I'm illÉg er veikur
  [yeg-ayr-vay-kur]

• I'd like to buy...Ég væri til í að kaupa...
  [yeg-vair-ee-til-eeth-cow-pa]
• I'm just lookingÉg er bara að skoða
  [yeg-ayr-bara-ath-skow-tha]
• How much is it?Hvað kostar það?
  [kva-th-kos-tar-thath]
• That's too expensiveÞað er of dýrt
  [thath-ayr-of-dee-rt]
• Can you lower the price?Getur þú lækkað verðið?
  [ge-tur-thoo-lay-kauth-ver-thith]

• What time is it?Hvað er klukkan?
  [kva-th-ayr-kloo-kan]
• It's one o'clockKlukkan er eitt
  [kloo-kan-ayr-ayt]
• Half past (10)Hálf tíu
  [howlf-tee-oo]
• MorningMorgunn
  [mor-goon]
• AfternoonSíðdegis
  [seed-deh-yeesh]
• EveningKvöld
  [kvowl-th]
• YesterdayÍ gær
  [ee-gighr]
• TodayÍ dag
  [ee-dahg]
• TomorrowÁ morgun
  [ow-mor-goon]
• 1Einn
  [ayt-n]
• 2Tveir
  [t-vay-r]
• 3Þrír
  [threer]
• 4Fjórir
  [fyow-rir]
• 5Fimm
  [fim]
• 6Sex
  [sehx]
• 7Sjö
  [syow]
• 8Átta
  [ow-tha]
• 9Níu
  [nee-oo]
• 10Tíu
  [tee-oo]

• Where's a/the...?Hvar er ...?
  [kvar-ayr]
• What's the address?Hvað er heimilisfangið?
  [kva-th-ayr-hay-mil-is-fan-gith]
• Can you show me (on the map)?Getur þú sýnt mér (á kortinu)?
  [ge-tur-thoo-seent-mayr-ow-kor-thi-nu]
• When's the next (bus)?Hvenær kemur næsti (strætisvagn)?
  [kver-nayr-ke-mur-nay-sti-stray-tis-vagn]
• A ticket (to ....)Einn miða (til ...)
  [ayt-n-mee-tha-til]

The Highlands of Iceland were primarily formed through volcanic activity and glacial movements. The area is characterized by vast lava fields, rocky deserts, and expansive glaciers. This unique landscape began to take shape around 16 million years ago during the Miocene and Pliocene epochs, shaped by the Mid-Atlantic Ridge that runs through Iceland. The region's geological activity continues to this day, contributing to its dynamic and ever-changing scenery.

Though the Highlands are largely uninhabitable due to their harsh conditions, evidence suggests that the area was sporadically visited by early Icelandic settlers. These settlers, known as the Norsemen, arrived in Iceland around the late 9th century. They primarily used the Highlands for summer grazing lands, known as 'afréttir,' which were critical for their livestock.

The Icelandic Sagas, a series of epic narratives written in the 13th century, recount many events that occurred in the Highlands. One of the most famous sagas, 'Njáls Saga,' mentions the Highlands as a place of refuge and treacherous travel. The inhospitable terrain often served as a backdrop for tales of feuds, escapes, and survival.

During the medieval period, the Highlands served as an important but dangerous corridor for trade. Merchants and travelers braved the harsh environment to transport goods between the north and south of Iceland. These routes, known as 'leiðir,' were essential for the country's economy, despite the perilous conditions that often led to lost lives and goods.

In the late 18th and early 19th centuries, the Highlands saw a significant depopulation due to a series of natural disasters, including volcanic eruptions and harsh winters. This period, often referred to as the Highland Clearances, forced many inhabitants to abandon their farms and relocate to more hospitable areas. The region's harsh environment became even more pronounced during this time.

The 20th and 21st centuries have seen increased interest in the Highlands from both scientists and tourists. Modern technology has allowed for more detailed exploration and mapping of this rugged terrain. Conservation efforts have also been put in place to protect the fragile ecosystems and unique geological features of the area. Today, the Highlands are a popular destination for adventure tourism, offering activities such as hiking, glacier walking, and off-road driving.

The Highlands in Iceland are accessible primarily by road. The nearest major city is Reykjavik, which is about 200-300 kilometers away, depending on your specific destination within The Highlands. From Reykjavik, you can rent a car and drive, keeping in mind that some routes may require a 4x4 vehicle due to rough terrain. Alternatively, organized tours and shuttle buses are available from Reykjavik during the summer months. Note that many parts of The Highlands are only accessible during the summer (June to September) due to snow cover in the winter.

Within The Highlands, transportation options are limited. Renting a 4x4 vehicle is highly recommended for flexibility and ease of travel, as many routes are F-roads (mountain roads) that are not suitable for regular cars. Public transport is virtually non-existent in this remote area. If you prefer not to drive, consider booking an organized tour that includes transportation. Always check the road conditions and closures at road.is before setting out.

The official currency in Iceland is the Icelandic Krona (ISK). Credit and debit cards are widely accepted throughout the country, including remote areas like The Highlands. However, it is advisable to carry some cash, especially if you plan to visit very remote locations where card payment facilities might not be available. ATMs are available in larger towns before you enter The Highlands, such as in Reykjavik or Akureyri.

The Highlands are generally safe, but the remoteness and harsh conditions require careful preparation. There are no high-crime areas targeting tourists. However, the main risks are natural hazards such as sudden weather changes, river crossings, and rugged terrain. Always inform someone of your travel plans, carry a GPS and a detailed map, and ensure you have sufficient supplies, including food, water, and a first-aid kit. Check safetravel.is for up-to-date safety information.

In case of an emergency, dial 112 for assistance. This number connects you to police, fire, and medical services. Given the remote nature of The Highlands, response times can be longer than in urban areas. It is strongly recommended to carry a satellite phone and consider renting a personal locator beacon (PLB) for emergencies. Make sure you have comprehensive travel insurance that includes coverage for search and rescue.

Fashion: Do wear layers and waterproof clothing; the weather can change rapidly. Avoid wearing jeans as they do not dry quickly. Religion: Respect the natural environment, which many locals consider sacred. Public Transport: Public transport is not available in The Highlands. Plan accordingly. Greetings: A simple 'hello' or 'góðan daginn' (good day) is sufficient. Icelanders are generally informal. Eating & Drinking: Do try local foods if available, such as dried fish and skyr. Don’t leave litter; practice 'leave no trace' principles.

To experience The Highlands like a local, plan your visit during the brief summer months when the area is accessible. Participate in guided hikes to learn about the unique geology and history of the area. Join a local tour group for activities such as glacier hiking or ice cave exploration. Visit natural hot springs for a relaxing soak and converse with locals who often frequent these spots.