Kinkaku-ji: The Golden Pavilion

Kinkaku-ji, the Temple of the Golden Pavilion, is one of Japan's most iconic and visited landmarks. Located in northern Kyoto, this Zen Buddhist temple is renowned for its stunning gold-leaf-covered structure. Formally known as Rokuon-ji, it was originally built in 1397 as a retirement villa for Ashikaga Yoshimitsu, the third shogun of the Muromachi shogunate. Following his death in 1408, the villa was converted into a Zen temple of the Rinzai sect, according to his wishes. The Golden Pavilion's design reflects the extravagant Kitayama culture that flourished in Kyoto during Yoshimitsu's era. Each of its three floors showcases a different architectural style. The first floor, built in the Shinden style, features natural wood pillars and white plaster walls, contrasting with the gilded upper stories. Statues of the Shaka Buddha and Yoshimitsu are housed here. The second floor, constructed in the Bukke style typical of samurai residences, is entirely covered in gold leaf. Inside, a seated Kannon Bodhisattva is surrounded by statues of the Four Heavenly Kings, though these are not visible to the public. The third and uppermost floor is built in the style of a Chinese Zen Hall, gilded both inside and out and topped with a golden phoenix. Kinkaku-ji has a turbulent history, having been burned down several times, including twice during the Onin War and once in 1950 by a fanatic monk. The current structure was rebuilt in 1955. The temple is set overlooking a large pond, the Kyoko-chi (Mirror Pond), which reflects the golden pavilion. The grounds also feature a meticulously landscaped garden with winding paths, carefully placed stones, and small islands. Kinkaku-ji was recognized by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site in 1994. Visitors can stroll through the gardens, admire the pavilion from various viewpoints, and visit the Sekkatei Teahouse.