Kyoto: The Timeless Beauty of Japan's Ancient Capital

• Helloこんにちは
  [Konnichiwa]
• Goodbyeさようなら
  [Sayonara]
• Yesはい
  [Hai]
• Noいいえ
  [Iie]
• Please/You're welcomeどうぞ
  [Douzo]
• Thank youありがとうございます
  [Arigatou gozaimasu]
• Excuse me/Sorryすみません
  [Sumimasen]
• How are you?お元気ですか？
  [Ogenki desu ka?]
• Fine. And you?元気です。あなたは？
  [Genki desu. Anata wa?]
• Do you speak English?英語を話せますか？
  [Eigo wo hanasemasu ka?]
• I don't understandわかりません
  [Wakarimasen]

• I'd like to see the menu, pleaseメニューを見せてください
  [Menyu wo misete kudasai]
• I don't eat meat肉は食べません
  [Niku wa tabemasen]
• Cheers!乾杯！
  [Kanpai!]
• I would like to pay, pleaseお会計をお願いします
  [O-kanjo wo onegai shimasu]

• Help!助けて！
  [Tasukete!]
• Go away!去ってください！
  [Satte kudasai!]
• Call the Police!警察を呼んで！
  [Keisatsu wo yonde!]
• Call a doctor!医者を呼んで！
  [Isha wo yonde!]
• I'm lost道に迷っています
  [Michi ni mayotte imasu]
• I'm ill具合が悪いです
  [Guai ga warui desu]

• I'd like to buy......を買いたいです
  [... wo kaitai desu]
• I'm just looking見てるだけです
  [Miteru dake desu]
• How much is it?いくらですか？
  [Ikura desu ka?]
• That's too expensiveそれは高すぎます
  [Sore wa takasugimasu]
• Can you lower the price?値段を下げてもらえますか？
  [Nedan wo sagete moraemasu ka?]

• What time is it?今何時ですか？
  [Ima nanji desu ka?]
• It's one o'clock1時です
  [Ichiji desu]
• Half past (10)10時半です
  [Juuji han desu]
• Morning朝
  [Asa]
• Afternoon午後
  [Gogo]
• Evening夕方
  [Yuugata]
• Yesterday昨日
  [Kinou]
• Today今日
  [Kyou]
• Tomorrow明日
  [Ashita]
• 1一
  [Ichi]
• 2二
  [Ni]
• 3三
  [San]
• 4四
  [Shi]
• 5五
  [Go]
• 6六
  [Roku]
• 7七
  [Nana]
• 8八
  [Hachi]
• 9九
  [Kyu]
• 10十
  [Juu]

• Where's a/the...?...はどこですか？
  [... wa doko desu ka?]
• What's the address?住所は何ですか？
  [Jusho wa nan desu ka?]
• Can you show me (on the map)?(地図で)見せてもらえますか？
  [(Chizu de) misete moraemasu ka?]
• When's the next (bus)?次の(バス)はいつですか？
  [Tsugi no (basu) wa itsu desu ka?]
• A ticket (to ....)チケット(へ...)をください
  [Chiketto (he...) wo kudasai]

Kyoto, originally known as Heian-kyō, was founded in 794 AD when Emperor Kanmu moved the capital to the area to escape the influence of powerful Buddhist clergy in Nara. This marked the beginning of the Heian period, a time that saw the flourishing of Japanese art, culture, and literature.

During the Heian period (794-1185), Kyoto became the cultural and political heart of Japan. It was during this time that the Tale of Genji, considered the world's first novel, was written by Murasaki Shikibu. The city's aristocracy enjoyed a life of luxury and refinement, as reflected in the art and literature of the time.

The Onin War was a civil war that devastated Kyoto, marking the beginning of the Sengoku period, a time of social upheaval, political intrigue, and near-constant military conflict. Many of Kyoto's historical buildings were destroyed during this decade-long conflict, and the city's importance declined as power shifted to regional warlords.

Following the Onin War, Kyoto entered the Muromachi period (1336-1573), under the rule of the Ashikaga shogunate. The shogunate's influence led to the rise of the samurai class and the development of distinct cultural practices, including the tea ceremony, Noh theater, and the art of flower arranging (ikebana).

In the late 16th century, the unification of Japan under leaders such as Oda Nobunaga, Toyotomi Hideyoshi, and Tokugawa Ieyasu brought stability to the region. Although the political capital moved to Edo (modern-day Tokyo) in 1603, Kyoto remained the cultural capital of Japan. The Edo period (1603-1868) saw the flourishing of Kyoto's traditional crafts, including kimono weaving, pottery, and lacquerware.

The Meiji Restoration of 1868 marked the end of the Tokugawa shogunate and the restoration of imperial rule. Kyoto was significantly modernized during this period, with the construction of new roads, railways, and the introduction of Western-style education. Despite losing its status as the political capital to Tokyo, Kyoto continued to be a center of traditional Japanese culture and religion.

Remarkably, Kyoto was spared from the extensive bombings that other Japanese cities suffered during World War II, preserving its rich cultural heritage. In the post-war period, Kyoto rapidly modernized while retaining its historical architecture and cultural practices. Today, it is a UNESCO World Heritage site, attracting millions of visitors each year.

Kyoto is renowned for its well-preserved historical sites, including over 2,000 temples and shrines, such as Kinkaku-ji (the Golden Pavilion), Ginkaku-ji (the Silver Pavilion), and Fushimi Inari-taisha. The city's traditional festivals, such as Gion Matsuri and Aoi Matsuri, continue to draw crowds, showcasing the enduring legacy of Kyoto's cultural and historical significance.

Kyoto is easily accessible from major cities in Japan. The nearest international airport is Kansai International Airport (KIX) in Osaka, approximately 75 kilometers away. From Kansai Airport, you can take the Haruka Express train directly to Kyoto Station, which takes about 75 minutes. Alternatively, you can fly into Osaka Itami Airport (ITM) or Chubu Centrair International Airport (NGO) in Nagoya and then take a train or bus to Kyoto. The Shinkansen (bullet train) from Tokyo to Kyoto takes about 2 hours and 20 minutes.

Kyoto has an efficient public transportation system including buses, subways, and trains. The Kyoto City Bus network covers most tourist attractions, and a one-day bus pass offers unlimited rides. The Karasuma and Tozai subway lines are convenient for exploring central Kyoto. For short distances, renting a bicycle is a popular option. Taxis are readily available but can be expensive. JR trains and private railways like Keihan, Hankyu, and Kintetsu connect Kyoto to nearby cities.

The official currency in Japan is the Japanese Yen (JPY). Credit cards are widely accepted in hotels, larger restaurants, and stores, but it is advisable to carry cash for smaller establishments and local markets. ATMs that accept international cards can be found in convenience stores like 7-Eleven, Lawson, and FamilyMart. Currency exchange services are available at airports, major banks, and some hotels.

Kyoto is generally a safe city for tourists. However, it is advisable to take standard precautions. Avoid isolated areas late at night and keep an eye on your belongings in crowded places. The Kamogawa River area and the Gion district are popular tourist spots where petty theft can occur, so remain vigilant. Emergency numbers to remember: Police (110) and Ambulance/Fire (119).

In case of emergency, dial 110 for police assistance and 119 for fire and medical emergencies. English-speaking operators are available. It is recommended to have travel insurance that covers medical emergencies. Kyoto has several hospitals with English-speaking staff, such as Kyoto University Hospital and Kyoto City Hospital. Pharmacies are widely available for minor health issues.

Fashion: Do dress modestly, especially when visiting temples and shrines. Avoid overly revealing clothing. Religion: Do show respect at religious sites by bowing and making small donations at offertory boxes. Don't photograph the inside of temples and shrines unless permitted. Public Transport: Do be quiet and considerate on public transport. Don't talk loudly or use your phone. Greetings: Do bow slightly when greeting people. Don't shake hands unless the other person initiates. Eating & Drinking: Do try local dishes and eat everything on your plate. Don't tip, as it is not a common practice in Japan.

To experience Kyoto like a local, visit the Nishiki Market for fresh produce and local delicacies. Take a stroll through the lesser-known neighborhoods like Shimogamo and Demachiyanagi for a more local feel. Participate in a tea ceremony or a traditional craft workshop. Explore the city's hidden temples and gardens, which are often less crowded than the famous sites. Enjoy a morning walk along the Philosopher's Path for a serene experience.